238 MICKO-OEGANISMS IN WATER 



nation may account for the large number found. From 

 the other manufactory several bottles were examined, 

 and only an average of from 80 to 100 per c.c. were 

 found. 



In Nllrnberg samples from five seltzer- water manu- 

 factories' were examined by Merkel. These samples 

 were not freshly prepared, but had been stored for 

 some time, and in each case only one bottle was tested. 

 The results were very different, for whereas in one bottle 

 only, two organisms were found per c.c, in another 

 bottle, purporting to be prepared from distilled water 

 and liquid carbonic anhydride, 9,600 per c.c. were 

 found, whilst in three other samples 355, 999 and 

 3,840 were respectively discovered. In the prepara- 

 tion of these last three samples the ordinary water- 

 supply of the town was used, and this was found to 

 contain originally only from four to five bacteria per 

 c.c. Merkel explains this increase in the number 

 found in the fact that the supply of water for preparing 

 the seltzer water in question was not taken direct from 

 the main, but was stored by these manufacturers in 

 reservoirs, where doubtless it became subsequently 

 contaminated, or, at any rate, in which multiplication 

 took place. 



Hochstetter examined seltzer-water (a) directly after 

 its manufacture, {b) on standing for several days, (c) on 

 standing for several months. Non-pathogenic organisms 

 were also introduced, and their power of multiplication 

 noted. 



The water used for the manufacture of this seltzer- 

 water in the first series of experhnents was in some 

 cases distilled water, and in others filtered distilled 

 water; the samples were examined within a few hours 

 of their manufacture, and the number of organisms 

 found was extremely variable. The smallest number 



