264 MICRO-ORGANISMS IN WATER 



Lubarsch ^ also found cholera bacilli in the bilge- 

 water of a steamer on the river Elbe. 



The bacillus generally believed to be the exciting 

 cause of typhoid fever, and known as Eberth-Gaffky's 

 bacillus (see p. 410), has on a number of occasions been 

 actually found in water suspected of giving rise to 

 typhoid fever.- 



The first investigator who discovered the typhoid 

 bacilli in water was Moers,^ who isolated them from a 

 contaminated well supplying a number of people with 

 drinking water, amongst whom many cases of typhoid 

 fever had occurred. 



This discovery was followed by a similar announce- 

 ment from Michael,^ in Dresden, who isolated the bacilli 

 from a well-water which was suspected of being the 

 origin of the outbreak of typhoid fever which declared 

 itself at the end of the year 1885. 



Dreyfus-Brisac and Widal ^ again detected the bacilli 

 in polluted water obtained from a well in Menilmontant, 

 where typhoid fever had been prevalent for some 

 months. 



Chantemesse and Widal ^ detected typhoid bacilli 

 three times in the river Seine water durino- an outbreak 

 of typhoid fever in Paris. Thoinot ^ was also able to 



^ Deutsrlic mcdicinische Wo aliens chr if t, 1892, No. 43. 



^ See article on 'Water,' by Percy Frankland, in Thoiye's Dictionary 

 of Applied Chemistry, 1893, vol, iii. 



^ ' Die Brunnen der Stadt Mtilheim a. Ehein vom bakteriologischea 

 Standpiinkte aus betrachtet,' Ergdnzungsh. zum Centralhlatt filr allgem. 

 GesK/ndheits2>flege, vol. ii., 1886, p. 144. 



^ ' TyphusbaciUen ini Trinkwasser,' Fortschritte der Medicin^ vol. iv., 

 1886, p. 353. 



^ ' Epid^mie de FamiUe de Fievre typhoide,' Gas^. Jiehdom., 1886, 

 No. 45. 



^ Gazette hebdomadaire de Medecine et de Chirurgie, 1887, pp. 146- 

 150; Centralhlatt fiir BaMeriologie, vol. i., 1887, p. 682. ' 



' La Seviaine meddcale, 1887, No. 14, p. 135 ; Centralhlatt filr Bali- 

 ieriologie, vol. ii., 1887, p. 39. 



