SPIRILLA 407 



SPIRILLUM EUGULA 



LIQUEFIES GELATINE 



Authority. — Miiller, Vignal, Archives de Physiologie, vol. xviii. b, p. 333. 



Where Found. — In the buccal cavity ; also in stagnant water and putrefying 

 liquids. 



Microscopic Appearance.— Eods 6 to 8 m long and 0-2 to 2-5 ^ broad, simply 

 bent or forming a flat spiral twist, sometimes in longer chains. Cilia are found 

 at the poles. It has a lively rotatory movement. Forms round spores at the end 

 of the rod. (Prazmowski.) 



Cultures. — Can only be cultivated in the absence of air. 



Gelatine Plates.— At 20° to 22° C. it forms yellowish -white ball-shaped discs ; 

 later liquefaction takes place. 



G-ELATiNE TuBES.^At 20° to 22° C. forms small white pin-head growths on the 

 surface and along the needle's path in the depth. Later liquefaction takes place. 



Agar-agab. — At 36° to 38° C. forms a white and slightly folded expansion. 



Potatoes. — At 36° to 38° C. forms a white wrinkled expansion, which rapidly 

 spreads over the whole surface, and in older cultures assumes a yellowish colour. 



Blood Sekum. — At 36° to 38° C. it grows rapidly, liquefying the serum and 

 forming a white pellicle. 



Kemarks. — It is anaerobic. Gives rise in all culture media to a very penetrating 

 fsecal odour. 



SPIEILLUM MAEINUM 



LIQUEFIES GELATINE 



Authority. — Eussell, ' Untersuchungen iiber im Golf von Neapel lebende 

 Bakterien,' Zeitschrift filr Hygiene^ vol. xi., 1891, p. 198. 



"Where Found. — Occasionally in sea water and sea mud. 



Microscopic Appearance Small bacillus usually in pairs, more or less 



bent, although straight individuals are also found. When several join together 

 to form a filament, the whole assumes the characteristic spirilla form. It is 

 capable of rotatory as well as progressive movements, and moves rapidly with 

 a corkscrew-like motion across the microscopic field. No spore formation was 

 observed. Stains easily with Loeffler's blue and also with fuchsin, becoming 

 very deeply coloured with the latter. 



Cultures.— 



Gelatine Plates. — Forms round small radially striped granular masses, but 

 when liquefaction of the gelatine begins the colony becomes rougher in appear- 

 ance, and flocculent particles float about in the shallow liquid depression. 



Gelatine Tubes. — Grows rapidly, liquefying the gelatine and rendering it 

 turbid, and forming a thin semi-transparent pellicle on the surface. 



Sea-water Gelatine Tubes. — The growth is more restricted, and a thick 

 pellicle forms on the surface of the shallow liquid depression. 



Agae-agab. — Grows abundantly, forming a moist liquid whitish expansion, 

 resembling pus in appearance. This collects at the bottom of the tube, and 

 becomes later watery. 



PoTATOEs.~In twenty-four hours a. reddish brown sharply circumscribed 

 expansion appears, which increases in size and forms a thick wax -like mass, 

 which later covers nearly the whole potato, but remains soft and entirely super- 

 ficial, although the potato itself becomes gradually of a. dark greyish green 

 colour. 



Sea-watek Beoth. — Grows well, rendering the liquid very turbid, forming an 

 abundant and fine deposit and a white smooth pellicle on the surface. Ordinary 

 broth is rendered less turbid. 



Remarks.— It will not grow at 37° C. 



