BACILLI 457 



BACILLUS HALOPHILUS 



I LIQUEFIES GELAT(NE | 



Authority.— Russell. ' Untersuchungen liber im Golf von Neapel lebende 

 Bacterien,' Zeitschrift fur Hygiene, \o\. xi., 1891, p. 200. 



Where Found.— Occasionally in sea-water and sea-mud. 



Microscopic Appearance. — Very variable in appearance. In recent sea- 

 water gelatine cultures it is a small bacillus 0*7 /j. broad and from 1*5 to 3-5 /x long, 

 occurring frequently in pairs, and endowed with great motility. Later yeast- 

 shaped and also extended forms appear, the abnormal forms becoming more 

 numerous with the age of the culture and more pronounced in ordinary than 

 in sea-water gelatine. No spore formation wss observed. It is with ditriculty 

 stained with aniline colours ; it will not stain with Loeffler's solution or by 

 Gram's method. It only stains very unevenly with both Ziehl's and Kiihne's 

 (see p. 46) solutions. 



Cultures.— 



Sea-water Gelatine Plates.— Circular, greyish white, semi-transparent 

 ^colonies appear slowly in the gelatine. Slow liquefaction takes place, but the 

 liquid is rapidly evaporated and a sharply defined deep depression is left in the 

 gelatine. Under a low power each colony appears as a white halo, but later 

 this disappears and the liquid gelatine spreads over the surface. 



Sea-watek Gelatine Tubes. — It grows with great ditticulty in artificial 

 media, and then only in sea-water with ordinary gelatine. Numerous other 

 media were tried, but without any result. In from twenty-four to thirty-six hours 

 irregularly shaped, isolated, cloudy dots appear along the needle's path in the 

 depth, which soon coalesce and liquefy the gelatine, producing gas sometimes in 

 such quantities that the liquid gelatine is forced up in a frothy mass over the 

 still solid gelatine. Later the liquid usually becomes clear, and a tine deposit 

 collects at the bottom. 



Remarks. — In cultures it produces a strong alkaline reaction. Another bacillus 

 obtained from sea-water by Russell is described on p. 468 ; a spirillar foim on p. 407 ; 

 and a cladotlirix on p. 517. 



BACILLUS ZOPFII 



LIQUEFIES GELATINE 



Authority.— Kurth, Botanische Zeihmg, 1S83. Fliigge, Die Mlkroorga- 

 nis7nen, 1886, p. 326. 



"Where Found.— In the intestine of fowls. Found by Mace (loc. cit.) in 

 water and soil. 



Microscopic Appearance. — Bacillus from | to 1 ^u broad and 2to5 fi long. It 

 forms long threads in liquid culture media, but in gelatine it gives rise to 

 threads with spiral windings and every kind of snake-hke contortions. It is 

 very motile. Forms spores. 



Cultures. — 



Gelatine Plates. — After forty-eight hours numerous white dots are visible, 

 from the centre of which radiate a number of fine threads, resembling the 

 growth of a mould. Scattered about in this network numerous small white 

 spots are visible, which under a low power are seen to be circular brownish 

 yellow zooglcea groups, some of which are provided with isolated knotty exten- 

 sions. The centre itself consists of broad interwoven bands of parallel threads, 

 which are sometimes straight as well as plaited. (Schedtler.) 



Gelatine Tubes. — According to Roux {Precis d' Analyse microbiologique des 

 Eaux, p. 334), liquefaction takes place after several weeks. A thick whitish 

 yellow growth develops all along the needle's path in the depth, from which 

 white radial lines extend and cross one another. 



Blood Sebum. — No growth. 



Remarks. — It grows best at 20° C. At from 30° to 37^ C. the movements of the 

 bacilli cease, at from S7° to 40° C. involution forms appear, and after being kept for 

 some time at this temperature the bacilli are destroyed. 



