64 



out. The Barren Ground Bear, Vrsus arctos, Richardson (Fauna Boreali- 

 Americani), may require to be added to those cited. 



The Black Bear must have been early driven from the woods of Ohio. 

 It still inhabits the mountain regions of Tennessee and Kentucky. 



Ursus amebicanus. Pallaa. 

 Black Bear. 

 Var. americmms. 

 1780. Ursus americanw, Pallas, Spic. ZooL, xiv, 1780, 6. — Bodd., Elench. 

 Anim., i, 1784, 79.— Gmel., Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 101.— Desm., 

 Mamm., i, 1820, 165.— Harlan, Fn. Amer., 1825, 51.— Rich., P. 

 B. A., i, 1829, 14.— Fisch., Syn., 1829, 143.— Godm., Am. Nat. 

 Hist., i, 1831, 114.— DeKay, N. Y. Zool., i, 1842, 24.— Aud. & 

 Bach., Q. N. A., iii, 1863, 187, pi. 141.— Bd., M. N. A., 1857, 225. 

 — Jordan, Manual of the Vertebrates, 1878, 20. — Coues and Yar- 

 row, Geolog. and Geog. Exp. and Surv. West 100 Merid., 1875, 

 vol. V, 69. 

 1827. Vrsus niger americanus, Griff., An. Kingd., v, 1827, No. 318. 



Var. cinnamomeus. 

 1853. Ursus americanus var. dnnamomum, Aud. & Bach., Q. N. A., iii, 



1853, 125, pi. 127. 

 1857. Ursus americanus var. cinnamovieus, Bd., M. N. A., 1857, 228. 



Distribution. — The Black Bear is widely distributed throughout North 

 America. The var. Cinnamomeus occurs in the Rocky Mountain region, 

 and in Oregon. 



Specific Characters — The size is small; feet moderate; fore claws not 

 twice as long as the hind claws ; color entirely uniform throughout, either 

 black or brownish; hairs darkest towards the tips. 



The above characters serve to separate the Black Bear from the Grizzljr, 

 which is very large; feet large, with the fore claws twice as long as the 

 back claws. The dark dorsal and lateral flank stripes of the Grizzly are 

 opposed to the uniform coloration of the Black, as are the brownish, 

 yellow, or hoary tips of the hairs in the former to the black tips of the 

 latter. The hair of the Black is much softer than that of the Grizzly, 

 and has not the wiry wool at the base of the long hair as in the Grizzly. 



The Bear continued in considerable abundance in parts of Ohio — in 

 Athens county, according to local history (E. Cutler, authority quoted, in 

 history of Athens county, 1869). Taylor, in " History of Ohio, 1854," 

 quotes from the journal of Major John Rogers, January, ,1761: "We 

 traveled eleven miles and encamped, having killed in our march, this 

 day, three Bears and two Elks." (Voyage along coast of Lake Erie.) 



Prom the " Pioneer History of the Ohio Valley (Hildreth, 1848, 1 quote 



