78 



World. Eight or nine species are found in North America alone. TheK 

 are three sub-families recognized, the Cervinee, with canines small or none 

 including the Moose, Reindeer, and Common Deer, and constituting the 

 greater part of the family ; the Ceroalinm, with the canine tooth of the malt 

 enlarged and tiisk-like, and the Moschinas, or Musk Deer, of the Old World, 

 without horns. The two species, here treated of, fall in the first ol 

 these three sub-families. 



KeT to GbNBKA of CERVIDyE. 



" Horns, in males only, large, carving backward, with the snags all directed forward, 

 one of them immediately above the burr; tail very short ; hoofs broad and ronnded • 

 aiee very large ; muffle very high, and not separated from the lip by a hairy band ; 

 a tuft of hair on outside of hind leg above middle of metatarsus. . . Cervus. 

 *■" Horns in males— rarely fonnd in females; muKzle broadly naked. Horns rather small, 

 curving forward ; iirst snag short, some distance above the base, and like the others 

 curving upward. Tail rather long ; hoofs rather elongate. Fnr shorter and fulv- 

 ous in summer, longer and grayish in winter. A narrow, short, naked, glandulai 

 space on the outer side of the metatarsus. . . .... Cariacds. 



Genus Cariaous Gray. 



This Genus includes the Mule Deer, or Black-tailed Deer, C macrotis 

 (Gray), of the Rocky Mountain region, C. virginianus macrurus (Raf.) 

 Coues, the White-tailed Deer, of general distribution in the West, associ- 

 ated in most of its ranges with the Black-tailed Deer, the Dwarf Deer 

 of Arizona, Q. virginianus, var. coued Rothrock, MSS., and the true C 

 mrginianus, east of the Missouri, and north to Maine. 



Cabiacus virginianus (Bodd.) Gray. 

 ViKGiNiA Deer; KkD Deer. 



1784. Cervm virginianus, Boddaert, Elench. An., i, 1784, 136. — Zimm., 

 Penn. Arkt. ZooL, 1787, 31.— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 179.— 

 Kerr's Linn., 1792, 299.— Schreb., Saugt., v, 1836.— Shaw, Gen. 

 ZooL, ii, 1801, 2S4.— Desmarest, Mamm., ii, 1822, 442.— Harlan, 

 F. Am., 1825, 238.— Godman, Am. N. H., ii, 306.— Doughty's Cab. 

 N. H., i, 1830, 8 ; pi. i, male, female, young. — De Kay, N. Y. 

 ZooL, i, 1842, 113; pi. xxviii, f. i. — Wagner, Suppl. Schreb., 

 iv, 1844, 373.— And. & Bach., N. Am. Quad., ii, 1851, 220; pL 

 Ixxxi, cxxxvi. — Pucheron, Mon. Du Cerf., Arch, du Mus., vi, 1862, 

 305. 

 Distribution. — This is the best known and most abundant of the Ameri- 

 can Deer. According to Audubon and Bachman, it is not found north of 

 Maine, from which limit it extends over the whole United States east of 

 the Missouri river. 

 I"-, is sti'l ""o'dvA in ^h" ni')"";r.ta/n'' of New York, Pennsylvania, Mary- 



