ORDER PASSERES. PERCHERS. 



Sub-order Oscines. Singers. 



FAMILY TURDID^. THRUSHES. 



Primariea ten. Nostrils oval. Bri&tles or bristly points around the mouth. Wings 

 moderate, not reaching, when folded, beyond the middle of the tail, and not oyer one 

 and ~nethird times as long as the latter; tip formed by third to sixth quill; outer 

 secondary reaching in closed wing three-fourths or more the length of the longest pri- 

 mary. Spurious quill longer, sometimes one-half the second. 



Sub-family THUDINM. Typical Thrushes. 

 Tarsus covered anteriorly with a continuous plate without scales. 



Genus TURDTJS. Linnaius. 



Bill rather stout, both outlines curved, commissure straight to the tip, then abruptly 

 deourved. Tarsus longer than middle toe. Tail nearly even or emarginate. 



TURDUS MIGRATORIUS. Linn. 



Hobin. 



Turdus migratm-ius, Kietland, Ohio Geol. Surv., 1838, 163. — Read, Family Visitor (news- 

 paper), iii, 1853, 399; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 395 — Wheaton, Ohio 

 Agric. Rep. for 1860 (1861), 363; Reprint, 5; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agrio. Rep. 

 for 1874 (1875), 562; Reprint, 2.— Gaklick, Am. Nat,, ii, 1868, 492.— Langdon, Cat. 

 Birds of Gin., 1877, 3; Revised List, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist, i, 1879, 169; Re- 

 print, 3. 



Robin, KiBTLAND, Fam. Visitor, 1, 1850, 1.— Ballou, Field and Forest, iii, 1878, 136. 



Turdus migratorius, Linn^us, Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 292. 



Tardus (Planesticas) migratorius, Baird, Birds North Am., 1858, 218. 



Turdus migratorius var. migratorius, Baikd, Brewer, and Riduway, N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 25. 



Above dark olive gray, blackish on head and tail; below reddish brown, throat, vent 

 and under tail coverts white, throat with black streaks. Outer pair of tail feathers 

 white tipped. Bill dusky above, yellow below. Feet dark. Very young birds spotted 

 above and below. Length 9^ inches ; wing 5J ; tail 4^. 



Habitat, North America at large, Greenland. Accidental in Europe. 



Abundant summer resident. Breeds. In Southern Ohio the Robin 

 arrives about the middle of February and remains till November. In 

 Central Oi.io they arrive a week or two later and depart earlier. Nest- 

 114 commences soon after arrival. The nest is usually placed on trees, 

 sometimes on fences. It is composed externally of grass, moss, leaves 



