254: BIRDS — SYLVICOLIDuE. 



with the Bay-breasted Warblers, in beech woodland. Usually but two 

 or three are seen in spring, mostly males. They arrive from May 15 to 

 20. In the Ml they are equally abundant with, and accompany the 

 Bay-breasted Warblers, which at this time they so much resemble. The 

 only difference in habit, that I have been able to notice, is that the Black- 

 poll is sometimes to be found in hedges and open places, sometimes on 

 the'ground, while the Bay-breasted Warbler cohfines itself almost exclu- 

 sively to the branches of forest trees. These two species are perhaps 

 the most abundant of the genus in the fall, and they remain during 

 nearly all of September and October. 



The Black-poll Warbler breeds from the State of Maine northward. 

 The nest is described by Dr. Brewer as placed in thick spruce trees, on 

 the edges of woods, at a height of about eight feet from the ground. The 

 nest is large and bulky for the size of the bird, built of twigs of ever- 

 green trees fastened together with lichens and rootlets, lined with fine 

 grass. The eggs are five, and measure .72 by .50 They are white, 

 spatted with lavender, dark purple and reddish-brown. 



Dendrosca castanea (Wils.) Bd. 



Bay-breasted "Warbler. 



Sylvia castanea, Kirtland, Ohio Geolog. Suit., 1838, 163, 181 ; Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, 

 xl, 1H41, 2-3. 



Sj/lvicola castanea, Read, Fam. Visitor, iii, 1853, 4'23; Proc. Philad. Acad Nat. Sci., vi, 

 18,53, 395. 



Dendroica castanea, Baird, P. E. R. Rep. ix, 1853, 277. — Whkaton, Ohio Agrio. Rap. for 

 1(^60, 364; Reprint, 1861, 6. 



Dendrwca castanea, Maynard, Birds of Coos Co. N. H., and Oxfori Co. Me., Proc. Boston 

 Soo. Nat. Hist , xiv, 1871, 366; Reprint, 1672, 11.— Wheaton, Pood of Birds, etc., 

 Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, .'i63; Reprint, 1875, 3.— Langdon, Cat. Birds of Cin,, 1877, 

 5 ; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soo. Nat. Hist , i, 1879, 171 ; Reprint, 5. 



Sylvki castanea, Wilson, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 97. 



Sylvicola castanea, Richardson, Rep. Br. Ass. for 1836 (1837), 172. 



Dendrceea castanea, h aw RK^ca, Ann, Lyo. N. Y., vii, 1861, 322. 



Male in spring : back thickly streake 1 with black and grayish olive ; forehead and 

 sides of head black, enclosing a large deep chestnut patch ; a duller chestnut (exactly like a 

 blue bird's breast) occupies the -whole chin and throat, and extends, more or less inter- 

 rupted, along the entire sides of the body ; rest of under parts ochrey or buffy whitish 

 a similar buffy area behind the ears; wing-bars and tail-spots ordinary; bill and feet 

 blackish. The female in spring is more olivacions than the male, with the markings 

 less pronounced ; but always shows evident chestnut coloration ; and probably traces of 

 it persist in all adult birds in the fall. The young, however, so closely resemble young 



