302 BIRDS — VIREONID^. 



Vireo gilvus, Bonaparte, Journ, Phila. Acad, iv, 1824, 174. 



Vireosylvia (jilva, Cassin, Proc. Phila. Acad., 18.51, 153. 



Vireosylvia gilvus, Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 368. 



Primaries ten, the exposed portion of the first of which is one-third or less of the 

 second, no ohvious wing-bars, no blackish stripe along the side of the crown, and no 

 abrupt contrast between color of back and crown. Upper parts greenish, with an ashy 

 shade, rather brighter on the rump and edgings of the wings and tail, anteriorly shad- 

 ing insensibly iuto ashy on the crown. Ash of crown bordered immediately by a whitish 

 superciliary and loral line ; region immediately betore and behind the eye dusky ash. 

 Below, sordid white with faint yellowish (sometimes creamy or buflfy) tinge, more ob- 

 viously shaded along the sides with a dilution of the color of the back. Qnills and 

 tail-feathers fuscous, with narrow external edgings as above said, and broader whitish 

 edging of the inner webs ; the wing coverts without obvious whitish tipping. Bill dark 

 horn-color above, paler belovr ; feet plumbeous. Iris brown. Length, 5 inches, or rather 

 more; wing, 2.80; tail, 2.<i5 ; bill, .40; tarsus, .67. 



. Habitat, Temperate Eastern North America ; west to the high central plains (beyond 

 which replaced by var. swainsoni) ; south to Mexico. 



Abundant summer resident from April 25th to October. Frequents 

 especially the wooded banks of streams, groves, and the shade-trees of 

 the city, breeding in all these locations ; seldom in dense woodland. 

 The ordinary note of this bird is short, querulous, and scolding, but its 

 song is one of the most varied, prolonged, tender, and sweet' of our sum- 

 mer birds. 



The nest of this bird resembles that of the Red-eyed Vireo, both in the 

 materials of which it is composed, and its general structure, but it is 

 usually at a very considerable distance from the ground. 



The eggs are five, white, sparingly spotted with dark brown, sometimes 

 blotched with reddish-brown, and still more rarely immaculate. They 

 measure from .75 to .70 of an inch in length, and average about .55 in 

 breadth. 



ViEEO FLAVIFEONS V. 

 "iTellovr-throatecl "Vireo. 



Vireo flavifrons, Kietland, Ohio Geolog. Snrv., 1838, 163. — Read, Fam. Visitor, iii, 1853) 

 375 ; Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat Sci., vi, 1853, 395.— Baird, P. R. R. Rep., ix, 1858, 342. 

 Wheaton, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 365; Reprint, 7; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio 

 Agric. Rep. for 1874, 664 ; Reprint, 1875, 5.— Langdon, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 7. 



Vireosylvia flavifrons, Baikd, Rev. N. A. Birds, 1866, 346. 



Lanivireo flavifrons, Langdon, Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 174; 

 Reprint, 8. 



Vp-eo fluvifrons, Vibillot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 85. 

 Zanivireo flavifrons, Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 96. 



Above, rich olive-green, crown the same or even brighter, rump insensibly shading 

 into bluish-ash ; below, bright yellow, belly and crissum abruptly white, sides anter- 



