PINE GROSBEAK. 315 



Habitat, British America south to the northern tier of States in winter, and occasion- 

 ally to Maryland, Ohio, Illinois and Kansas. West Virginia (Audubon). Europe. 



Winter visitor in Northern Ohio. The first record of its occurrence, in- 

 ferentially, is that of Audubon, who states (B. Am., iii, 1841, 179, that it 

 appeared at the mouth of the Big Guyandotte, on the Ohio (a few miles 

 ahove Ironton, Ohio), where several specimens were taken. Dr. Kirtland 

 (quoted on page 193) makes the first record of its actual occurrence. Mr. 

 Read gives it as "rare, though occasionally seen during most of the year." 

 I have no recent information concerning it. 



The Pine Grosbeak, as its name indicates, is a frequenter of pine woods, 

 though not exclusively. Their food consists of the seeds of the pine and 

 other coniferous trees, berries, and buds of various trees. They are irreg- 

 ular in their appearance in the Northern United States in winter, but 

 when present are usually very numerous, and so tame and unsuspicious 

 that they may be captured with an insect net. In the northernmost 

 States it is found throughout the year, though but little is known in re- 

 gard to its breeding habits. Dr. Brewer says "Mr. Boardman has found 

 a nest, near Calais, about which there can be little doubt, although 

 the parent was not seen. This was placed in an alder-bush in a wet 

 meadow, and was about four feet from the ground. It was composed en- 

 tirely of coarse green mosses. The eggs were two, and were not dis- 

 tinguishable from those of the European enucleator," which he describes 

 as having "a light slate-colored ground with a marked tinge of greenish, 

 broadly marked and plashed with faint, subdued cloudy patches of 

 brownish-purple, and sparingly spotted, chiefly at the larger end, with 

 blackish-brown and dark purple. They measure 1.02 inches in length 

 by .70 in breadth." 



Genus CARPODACUS. Kaup. 



Bill short, stout, vaulted. Nostrils concealed by bristly feathers. Tarsus" shorter than 

 middle toe. Hind claw much curved, shorter than the middle one. Wings long and 

 pointed, reaching to the middle of the tail. Tail shorter than wings, forked. 



Caepodaocs puepubeus (Gm.) Bp. 



JPriTple ICinclL. 

 Fringilla purpurea, Kirtland, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 164, 184. — Kbad, Proc. Phila. 



Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, 1853, 395. 

 Carpodacus purpureus, Wheaton, Ohio Agric. Eep. for 1860, 365, 375 ; Reprint, 1861, 7, 



17 ; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Kep. for 1874, 566 ; Reprint, 1875, 6.— Langdon, 



Cat. Birds of Gin., 1877, 8; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soo. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 174; 



Reprint, 8. 

 Purple Finch, Kirtland, Ohio Farmer, ix, 1860, 91. 



Fringilla purpurea, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 923. 

 Carpodacus purpureus, Bonaparte, Con. Av., i, 1850, 533. 



