346 BIRDS — FRINGILLID^. 



GONIAPHEA LUDOVICIANA (L ) Bowditcll. 

 Hose-breasted G-rosbeali. . 



Fringilla hidoviciana, Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 18,34, 166.— Kietland, Ohio Geolog. Snrv., 

 1838, 164, 184 ; Am. Journ. Soi. and Arte, xl, 184], 31. 



Coccoborus ludovicianus, Audubon, B. Am., Hi, 1841, 910. 



Coccothraustes ludovicianus, Nuttall, Man., i, 1840, 623. — Read, Proo. Piiila. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci., vi, 1853, 395. 



Guiraca ludoviciana, Wheaton, Field Notes, i, 1861, 1*29 ; Ohio Agrio. Eep. for 1860, 1861, 

 366, 376 ; Eeprint, 8, 18, 



Goniapliea ludoviciana, WnKATON, Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agcic. Eep. for 1874, 1875, 

 566; Eeprint, 6. — Langdon, Cat. Birds of Gin., 1877, 9. 



Medymeles ludovicianus, Baied, Bkewer and Eidgway, N. A. Birds, ii, 1874, 72. — Lang- 

 don, Revised List, Journ. Gin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 176 ; Eeprint, 10. 



Loxia ludoviciana, LiNNiEUS, Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 306. 



Fringilla ludoviciana, Bonapaete, Am Orn., ii, 1828, 79. 



Guiraca ludoviciana, Swaikson, PhUoa.,Mag,, i, 1827; 438. 



Cocootltraustes (Guiraca) ludovicianus, Swaikson and Eichaedson, Fn. Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 



271. 

 Goniapliea ludoviciana, BowDiTcn, " Excurs. in Madeira, 1825." 

 JSedymelis ludovicianus, Cabanis, Mns. Hein , i, 1851, 153. 



"Adult male with head and necls all round and most of the upper parts black, the rump, 

 upper tail-coverts, and under parts white, the breast and under ■wlng-coverts exquisite 

 carmine or rose-red; wings and tail blaclj, variegated with white; bill pale; feet dark. 

 Female: above streaked with blackish and olive- or flaxen-brown, with median white 

 coronal and superciliary line ; below, white, more or less tinged with fulvous and streaked 

 with dusky; under wing-coverts saffron-yellow ; upper coveits and inner quills with & 

 white spot at end ; bill brown. Young males at first resemble the female. Length, 

 7i-8J ; wing, about 4 ; tail, about 3J. 



Habitat, Eastern Province of North America, north to Labrador and the Saskatcbe- 

 wan ; south through Mexico and Central America to Ecuador. Cuba, 



Common summer resident in Northern Ohio, chiefly migrant in South- 

 ern and Middle Ohio, where but few remain and breed. 



The Rose-breasted Grosbeak, one of the most handsome, showy, and 

 musical of North American birds, arrives early in May and returns 

 southward in September. It frequents both higti and low woodlands 

 and wooded swamps, and sometimes, though rarely, makes its appearance 

 in the gardens of the city. Those which remain choose for their sum- 

 mer home thickets on the wooded borders of streams, especially in the 

 vicinity of sycamore trees. While on their migrations, the males and 

 females are very seldom seen together. Dr. Kirtland states that they 

 frequent the cranberry marshes of Northern Ohio, and that it surpasses 

 the Mocking-bird in the animation of its song. Mr. Read says that they 

 nest in large numbers on the borders of streams and cranberry marshes. 



