348 BIKDS — FRINGILLID^. 



Cyanospiza cyanea, Whkaton, Ohio Agrio. Rep for 1860, 366, 376; Reprint, 1861, 8, 18; 

 Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 506; Reprint, 1875, 6.— Langdon, 

 Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 9 ; Revised List, Jonrn. Cin. Soo. Nal. Hist., i, 1879, 176 ; 

 Reprint, 10. — Jones and Shuijze, Ilius. Nests and Eggs of Ohio Birds, part 2, 1879, 

 plate 4. 



Temagra cyanea, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1766, 315. 

 Fringilla cyanea, Wilson, Am. Orn., i, 1810, 100. 

 Cyanospiza cyanea, Baird, Birds N. Am., 1858, 505. 



Adult male: indigo blue, intense and constant on the head, glancing greenish, with 

 different lights on other parts; wings and tail blackish, glossed with greenish-blue; 

 feathers aronnd base of bill black; bill dark above, rather paler below, with a curious 

 black stripe along the gonys. Female : above plain warm brown ; below,- whitey-brown, 

 obsoletely streaky on the breast and sides; wing-coverts and inner quills pale-edged, 

 but not whitish; upper mandible blackish, lower pale, with the black stripe just men- 

 tioned. The young male is like the female, but soon shows blue traces, and afterwards 

 is blue, with white variegation below. Length, 5i ; wing, 2f ; tail, 2|. 



TTabitat, Eastern Province of the United States; north to Canada and Maine; west 

 to Kiinsas and Indian Territory ; south to Texas, Mexico, and Central America. 



Abundant summer resident from the first week in May to the latter 

 part of October. Breeds. Found almost everywhere, but especially in 

 woodlind, thickets, and rank vegetation along streams; in cities fre- 

 quently during the spring migration. 



The male seems proud of his bright plumage, and loses no opportunity 

 to render himself conspicuous, while the female is as decidedly modest 

 and retiring. Their call or alarm note is a sharp cJiip, but the male is a 

 vigorous and frequent, though not particularly gifted, songster. 



The nest is built in low bushes, of leaves and grass. The eggs are 

 four or five, white, with a bluish tinge, unspotted; or, rarely, thinly 

 dotted with reddish-brown. They measure .75 by .58. 



Genus CARDINALIS.' Bonaparte. 



Conspicuously crested. Bill very large, lower jaw wider and about as deep as the 

 upper. Tarsi longer than middle toe. Outer toe rather longer than inner, and longer 

 than hind toe. Tail longer than the wings, both rounded. 



Cardinalis virginianus (L.) Bp. 



Cardinal Hedbird. 



Fringilla cardinalis, Audubon, Orn. Biog, ii, 1834, 366. — Kirtland, Ohio Geolog. Snrv., 



1838, 164, 184. 

 Fitylua cardinalis, Audubon, B. Am., iii, 1841, 199. 

 Cardinalis virginianus, Read, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vl, 1853, 395. — Wheaton, Ohio 



Agric. Rep. for 1860, 366; Reprint, 1861, 8; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 



1874, 566; Reprint, 1875, 6.— Langdon, Cat. Birds of Cin,, 1877, 9; Revised List, 



Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist,, i, 1879, 178; Reprint, 10. 



