546 BIRDS — LARIB^. 



webs black. Not quite adult : — As before, but breast with dark spots, sides of the body 

 with dark bars, blackish ol lower belly interrupted; feet black. Younger : — Whole un- 

 der parts, with upper wing and tail-coverts variously marked with white and dark ; feet 

 blotched with yellow. Young : — Whole plumage transversely barred with dark-brown 

 and rufous ; feet mostly yellow. Dusky stage (coming next after the barred plumage j ast 

 given ?) : fuliginous, unicolor ; blacklsh-brown all over, quite black on the head, rather 

 sooty-brown on the belly ; sides of the neck slightly gilded. 



Habitat, seas and sea-coast of Europe, Asia, and America. Interior of North America. 

 Extremely rare or accidental visitor in winter on Lake Erie ; now 

 first named as a bird of this State. Mr. H. E. Chubb, of Cleveland writes 

 me, February 7, 1881, as follows : 



"Two were seen at our breakwater last fall, one of which I have. My friend, who 

 shot it, brought it in for a TiaioTc, saying that it was chasing the sparrows in a field when 

 he killed it. Both this and its mate had previously been making it lively for the small 

 Gulls and Terns, as the books say they should, but I never heard of one which attempted 

 to change its diei in this manner.'' 



Mr. Nelson records two specimens as having been identified on Lake 

 Michigan near Chicago. 



Sub-family Laein^. Gulls. 



Covering of bill continuous, horny throughout ; bill more or less strongly epignathous, 

 compressed, with more or less protuberant gonys ; nostrils linear-oblong, median or sob- 

 basal, pervious. Tail even or nearly so, rarely forked or caneate, without projecting 

 middle feathers. 



Genus LAKUS. Linnseus. 

 With the general characters of the sub- family. 



Sub-genus Lams. Large or medium size, robust ; bill stout, more or less strongly 

 hooked and protuberant at the symphysis ; under parts never rosy-tinted, nor head with 

 dark hood ; tail of adult entirely white. Hind toe well developed, bearing a perfect 

 claw. 



Larus leucopterus Faber. 



"WTxite-winged Gixll. 



Larus leucopterus, Wheaton, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 370, 379; Reprint, 1861, 12, 20; 

 Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, .57'); Reprint, 1875, 15 — Ridgwat, 

 Ann. Lyceum, N. Y., x, 1874, 393.— Cotjes, Birds, N. W., 1874, 622. 



Larus'Jeucopterus, Fabbk, Prod. Isl. Orn., 1822, 91. ' 



Primaries entirely white, or palest possible pearly -blue, fading insensibly into white 

 at some distance from the end, their shafts straw-color; mantle palest pearly-blue; bill 

 yellow, with vermillion spot on lower mandible ; feet flesh colored or pale yellowish. 

 In winter, head and neck slightly touched with dusky. Young : — Impure white with or 

 without traces of pearly on the mantle ; head, neck and upper parts mottled with pal& 

 brownish, sometimes quite dusky on the back, ihe under parts a nearly uniform but very 



