SPOTTED AND BARRED PATTERNS. 615 



3. Tnrdns pallasi, 



4. Turdns wilsoni, 



5. Turdns mustelinus, 



6. Tardus migratorins. 



Of these tlie first four breed north of us, the last two breed with us and southward. Of 

 the spotted Thrashes, the most southern one, T. muttelinus, has the spots darkest and 

 most definite ; and comparing all of them with the young Robin, we are forced to the 

 oonclusion that the first four species are of the same pattern of plumage and nearly 

 equal developement of that pattern,|while the Wood Thrush is of the same pattern 

 in a higher state of developement. In the case of the adult Robin, it is plainly seen 

 that it has out-grown a pattern of coloration which is permanent tn the other species. 



Of the Wrens, we have five or six species, all of which exhibit the barred type of 

 plumage in greater or lesser degree of perfection. I arrange them as the Thrushes were 

 arranged. 



1. Anorthura troglodytes, var. hyemalis, 



2. Cistothoms stellaris, 



3. Telmatodytes palnstris, 



4. Troglodytes aedon, 



5. Thryothorus ludovioianus, 



6. Thryothorus bewickii. 



Of the six species inhabiting this State the last, Bewick's Wren, T. bewickii, is not 

 known to extend so far northward as this city. The first named, the Winter Wren, A. 

 troglodytes, is not positively known to breed within our limits though it probably does 

 BO in northern Ohio. Of the other four the House Wren, T. aedon, and the Carolina 

 Wren, T. ludovidanus, both breed here, the latter being at or near its northern limit 

 and a constant resident, while the former is migratory. The Long- and Short-bUled 

 Marsh Wrens, T.palustris and C. stellaris probably both breed in suitable places in this 

 latitude, though not known to do so here or southward in this State ; both breed in 

 northern Ohio. 



In the Winter Wren the barred plumage extends over the back, belly, wings and 

 taU. In the two migratory Marsh Wrens the barring is csnflned to wings, tail and 

 under tail-coverfcs. In the House Wren it is present on wings, tail, back, flanks and 

 under tail-coverts. In the CaroUna Wren and Bewick's Wren confined to wings, taU 

 and under tail-coverts, while in the last species the barring becomes a definite deepening 

 and extension of the colors into black and white areas on the outer tail feathers. So 

 that while all the birds of this family are barred, the more southern forms have only 

 partly outgrown the pattern which remains permanent in noithern species. 



In the Sparrows (Fringillidce) we have a large famUy, one of the characteristics of 

 •which is that most of its members have temporarily or permanently a streaked plumage. 

 Of the members of this famUy found in the State, aU the young, so far as known, are 

 more or less streaked except those of Pinicola enucleator, Chryiomitris trittis and Cardi- 

 nalis virginianua. The adults of these three species are never streaked. 



In the following we have a different oolor and pattern according to sex, the adult 

 males having passed through and beyond the condition permanent in the female, which 

 is always streaked. 



1. Carpodacus pnrpureus, 



2. Loxia curvirostra, 



3. Loxia lencoptera, 



4. Goniaphea Indoviciana, 



