718 AMPHIBIA — SALAMANDRID^. 



crotchet ; toes, four in front, five behind, never palmate ; tongue fleshy, round or long, 

 centrally attached, with lateral and anterior margins free ; quadrato-jngal bone want- 

 ing ; ekin smooth, slimy, perforated with mucous pores, espeeially above the orbits and 

 in the parotid region ; costal farrows strongly marked ; tail short, round to oval at the 

 base, but compressed towards the extremity ; vertebraa amphicceloas ; parasphenoid not 

 dentigerons ; orbitosphenoid and pro-otic separated by membranes ; posterior margins 

 of palatines bearing the teeth ; carpus, tarsus, and basi-hyal ossified in adults. 

 Spots large, very different from the usual color, a. 

 Spots none, minute, or nearly uniform with the ground color. I. 

 a. Plantar tubercles two. h. 

 a. Plantar tubercles indistinct or none. 5. 

 6. Costal grooves 14 ; vomerine series of teeth two. /. 

 6. Costal grooves 12. e. 



b. Costal grooves 11 ; vomerine series of teeth 3. c. 

 6. Costal grooves 10 ; vomerine aeries of teeth 3 ; extralimital, Georgia, Louisiana, 



and Illinois. A. talpoideum. 



0. Color black ; spots or bands large ; median series of teeth concave behind or 



straight, d. 

 c. Color plumbeous ; spots small ; median series of teeth convex behind ; extra- 

 limital. . ..... A. CONSPEESDM. 



d. Back with transverse bands of gray A. opacum. 



d. Back without transverse bands of gray A. ptjnctatum. 



e. Vomerine series of teeth 3 ; canthus rostralls distinct ; back with a gray 

 line. ...... A. mackodacttlum. 



e. Vomerine series ol teeth t wo ; canthus rostralis none ; no gray dorsal line ; 



extralimital. ..... A. tbnbbrosum. 



f. Canthus rostralis wanting, g. 



f. Canthus rostralis distinctly marked ; extralimital. . . A. texanum. 

 g. Back and tail with gray rings or bands ; extralimital, South Carolina. 



A. CINGULATTJM. 



g. Back plumbeous ; sides spotted A. microstomdm. 



h. Costal grooves twelve, i. 



h. Costal grooves eleven ; vomerine series of teeth three ; extralimital, New Jersey. 



A. BICOLOR. 



i. Tail shorter than body ; canthns rostralis wanting, j. 



i. Tail longer than body ; canthus rostralis distinct A. xiphias. 



j. Vomerine teeth in a nearly continuous line. k. 



j. Vomerine teeth in four distinct patches ; extralimital ; New Mexico. 



A. TRISRUPTUM. 



Tc. Nares inequidistant ; yellow spots usually small. . . A tigeinum. 

 1c. Nares equidistant ; yellow spots large ; extralimital, Dakota, Montana, 

 California, Nebraska, New Mexico, and Mexico. . A. mavorticm. 

 I. Plantar tubercles Indistinct or none. m. 



I. Plantar tubercles two, distinct ; extralimital, Iowa A. obscurum. 



m. Costal grooves twelve or more. n. 



TO. Costal grooves eleven ; extralimital, Vancouver's Island and Washington 



Territory A. paroticum. 



n. Vomerine series of teeth three, extending to exterior of nares. 



A. JEFFEESOHIANUM. 



