THE RED SALAMANDER. 729 



Psetidotriton ruber, Baird. 

 Peeudotriton sticiicepe,* Baikd. 

 Pseudotriton montanus, Baird. 

 Paeudotriton flavUsimus, Hallowell. 



Color above redj with numerous nearly circular small black spots ; beneath less vivid 

 and immaculate, except in the gular region ; in alcohol the color is dark yellowish or 

 light brownish, and the spots brown ; head in perpendicular longitudinal sections 

 nearly a perfect triangle, in width equal to the body and not separable from it ; 

 muzzlo round ; sphenoidal and vomerine teeth contiguous at the anterior margin of the 

 former, the latter continuing outwardly to posterior of inner nares ; eyes prominent ; 

 nostril minute ; postorbital and parotid grooves indistinct ; gular fold strongly marked ; 

 costal furrows fourteen to sixteen ; tail and anal region with numerous circular folds 

 indistinct above and disappearing distally ; a longitudinal groove runs from the anus 

 towards the extremity of the tail ; skin upon the back forming a longitudinal ridge 

 from the nape backwards; limbs moderate, hind ones much the stronger; inner toes 

 longest; tail round at the base, but compressed distally. Length, 5 inches; taU, If 

 inches ; head to gular fold, f inch ; breadth of head, i inch. 



Habitat, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Florida, Texas, 

 Minnesota, and Ohio. 



The Red Salamander is found under stones or in shallow water and 

 marshes very early in the spring. On April 6, 1878, I found two near 

 Vassar College in New York State, under a stone. When discovered 

 they seemed to be alarmed and endeavored to get away, but when in 

 marshes showed no disposition to stir. They are apparently nocturnal 

 animals, remaining in concealment during the day and at night sally- 

 ing forth in search of prey. Their food is mainly small worms, though 

 Hallowell found in the stomach of one a coleopterous insect, and the tail 

 and posterior limbs of a Salamander, probably Plethodon niger, and they 

 are themselves devoured by the American Bittern, and doubtless many 

 other animals in like manner prey upon them. In confinement they 

 rarely leave the water in the daytime, but usually do so at night. 



The little ones may readily be confounded with the young of Plethodon 

 erythronotus to which in color it bears a marked resemblance, but the 

 attachment of the tongue is quite different. 



Speleepes poephybiticus Green. 



Salmon-colored or Purple Salamander. 



Salamandra porphyritica, Grkbn, Kirtland, Holbrook. 

 Salamandra aalmonea, Storer, Holbrook, DbKay. 

 Peeudotriton salmoneus, Baird, Hallowell, Allen. 



•Cope makes siieiiceps a sub-species with habitat South Carolina, and montanus also a 

 sub-species with a range from Pennsylvania to South Carolina in Alleghany Mountains. 



