836 FISHES — CYPEINID^. 



Body moderately elongated, little compressed ; motith Dormal, the jaws with a hard 

 sheath ; premaxillaries protractile ; no barbel ; teeth 4-4 or 1, 4-4, 0, with oblong grind- 

 ing snrfac^ and bat little book ; air-bladder suspended in the abdominal cavity, and 

 entirely surrounded by many convolutions of the long alimentary canal ; herbivorous ; 

 sexual difference very great ; scales moderate ; lateral line present ; dorsal nearly over 

 ventrals ; anal basis short ; no spines. The singular arrangement of the intestine in re- 

 lation to the air-bladder is peculiar to Campostoma among all known fishes, Several 

 species are known, all American ; fishes of moderate size and bright colors, swarming in 

 the brooks and rock-pools of the interior of the United States. 



50. Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque) Agassiz. 



Stone Roller; Stone-toter; Steel-backed Minnow. 



Butilus anomalum, Raf., Ich, Oh., 1820, 53. 



Campostoma emomalum, Agassiz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1855, 218. — Jokdan, Ann. Lye. 



Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1876, 325, and of most writers. 

 Exoglossum lesueurianum, Kirtland, Rept. Zool. Ohio, 1838, 169, 193 (not of Raf.). 

 Exoglossum s^inieephalum, Cuv. et Val., xvii, 1844, 489. 

 Exoglossum dubium, Kirtland, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., v, 1842, 272. 

 Campostoma dwWum, OoPfi, Cyp. Penn., 1866, 395. — Gunther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., vii, 



1868, 163. 

 Chondrostoma pullum, Agassjz, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1854, 357. 

 Campostoma formosulum, Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 176; U. S. Mex. 



Bound. Surv. Ich., 1859, 41. 

 Campostoma hippops, eallipteryx, mormyras, ssaAgoUoninum, Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 



Phila., 1864, 284. 



Description. — Body oblong, moderately compressed, the back somewhat elevated ; the 

 head moderate, rounded above, with nearly vertical cheeks; mouth moderate, subiu- 

 ferior; scales deep, rather small and crowded anteriorly ; fins moderate, the dorsal fin 

 nearly over the ventrals ; color brownish or nearly black, with a brassy lustre above, 

 the scales more or less mottled with dark; a dark vertical bar behind opercle ; iris 

 usually orange ; dorsal and anal each with a dusky cross-bar about half way up, the 

 rest of the fin olivaceous, or, in spring males, fiery orange ; males in spring with the head 

 and often the whole body covered with rather large rounded tubercles ; in no other 

 American fish are the nuptial appendages so extensively developed ; head 41 ; depth 

 4i ; D. 8 ; A. 7 ; lat. 1. 53 ; teeth 4-4. Length 4 to 8 inches. 



Habitat, Western New York to Minnesota and southwest to the Rio Grande. 



Diagnosis. — This fish may be known from all other of our minnows by 

 the great length and peculiar arrangement of the intestines. 



Habits. — This species is extremely abundant in every stream in Ohio. 

 It spawns early in spring, and it ascends in great numbers all the run- 

 ning streams, even the very smallest. Later it retires to the deeper 

 places in the creeks, where it may be readily recognized by its quick 

 motions and dusky colors. Most of the specimens seen are comparatively 

 small, but occasionally an old male may be noticed in the spring, with 



