HOBNT-HEAD. 861 



82. Cbratichthys biguttatds (Kirtland) Girard. 



Horny -head; Horned Dace; River Cbub; Jerker. 



Catostorrma melanotas, Rapinesque, loh. Oh., 1820, 56. 

 Ceratichthys melanotua, Jordan, Man. Vert., 1875, 278. 

 Semotilus biguttatus, Kirtla.nd, Boat. Jonra. Nat. Hist., iii, 1840, 344. 

 Leuoiscus Uguttatus, DbKay, Fishes N. Y., 1842, 214.— Stoker, Synopsis, 413. 

 Ceratiohthys biguttatua, Baird and Girard, Proo Phila. Acad. Soi., 1856, 213. — PgiNAM, 

 Bull. M. C. Z., 1863, 8.— CoPrt, Cyp. Pena., 1866, 366; Jonrn. PMla. Acad. Sci., 1863, 

 226; Pfoo. Am. PWlos. Soc, 1H7J, 4.59.— Gunthbr, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mm, vu, 178.— 

 Jordan, Ind. Geol. Survey, lo7i, 223.— Jordan and Copeland, Bull. Bnff. 

 Soo. Nat. Hist., l'-76, 149.— Nelson, Bull. Ills. State Mas;, 1876.— Uhler and Lug- 

 ger, Fishes of Md., 144. — Cope and Yarrow, Lieut. Wheelei's Survey, lo76, and of 

 most late writers. 

 Hocomis biguttatus, Cope and Jordan, Proc. Phil. Acad. Soi., 1877. — Jordan, Ann. Lye. 



Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1876, 355. 

 Leuciscus croceus, Storer, Proo. Boat. Soc Nat. Hist , July, 1845 ; Synopsis, 1846, 419. — 



Agassiz, Am. Jonrn. Sci, Arts, 1854, 359. 

 Nooomia nebrascensis, Girard, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1856, 213 ; Pao. K. K. Surv., 



X, 1*^58, 254. 

 Nocomia iellicua, Girard, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1856, 213. 

 Ceratichlhya cyclotis, Cope, Proc. Phila. Acad. Soi., 1864, 277 ; Cyp. Penn., 365 ; Proc. Am. 



Philoa. Soc, 1874, 113. — Gunther, Cat. Fishes, vii, 178. 

 Ceratichlhya atigmaticua, Cope, 1. c, 366. — Gcnther, 1. o. 



Description. — Body rather robust, not elevated, little compressed ; head large, rather 

 broadly rounded above, the snout conical, bluntish; month rather large, snbterminal, 

 little oblique, the lower jaw somewhat the shorter ; the upper lip somewhat below the 

 level of the eye, and the maxillary not reaching to the front of the eye ; eye small, 

 median, very high up ; suborbitals very narrow ; preorbitals large ; fins moderate, the 

 dorsal rather posterior, slightly behind the insertion of the ventrals ; caudal hroad, 

 little forked ; scales large and nearly equal over the body, not crowded anteriorly ; 

 eighteen rows in front of the dorsal ; lateral line rising opposite upper posterior angle 

 of operole, somewhat deonrved ; color bluish olive, sides with bright green and coppery 

 reflections ; a curved dusky bar behind the operole ; scales above with dark borders ; 

 helly pale, but not silvery ; rosy in spring males ; hns all pale orange, withont hlack 

 spots ; males in spring with a crimson spot on each side of the head ; the adults with the 

 top of the head swollen, forming a sort of crest, which is sometimes a third of an inch 

 higher than the level of the neck, and is covered with large tubercles ; young with a 

 dark caudal spot.; barbel well developed ; head 4 ; depth 4^ ; D. 8 ; A. 7 ; scales 6 41 4 ; 

 teeth 1, 4-4, 1 or 1, 4-4, 0. Lengt.h 6 to 9 inches. 



Habitat, Pennsylvania to Utah Basin, abundant in all streams north and south. 

 Diagnosis. — This familiar species may in general be known by its 



large size and lack of silvery lustre, in connection with the presence of 



the barbel. It has no spot on its dorsal fin, and its scales are not 



crowded anteriorly. 

 Habits. — This fish is found in every stream in the State of Ohio. It 



reaches a con^derable size and is nearer a "game fish" than any other of 



