892 FISHES — SALMONID^. 



Genus 51. SALMO. Linnaeus. 

 Salmo {artedi), Linn^us, Systema Naturse, 1758. 



Fario, Cuvikr and Valekciennbs, Hist. Nat. Poiss,, xxi, 294 {argentetu}. 

 Salar, Cuvibr and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss , xxi, 319 {fario). 

 Trutia, Siebold, Svsswasser fieohe, 319 (fario). 



Type, Salmo salar, L. 



Etymology, Latm Salmo, a Salmon ; from Salio to leap. 



Body elongate, somewhat compressed ; month large ; j iws and tongne toothed as in 

 o her genera ; vomer flat, its shaft not depressed ; a few teeth on the chevron of the 

 vomer, behind which is a somewhat irregular single or double series of teeth, which are 

 sometimes decidnons with age ; teeth on the palatine ; scales large or small, 100 200 in 

 a longitudinal series; dorsal and anal fins short, of about 11 rays each ; caudal fin trun- 

 cate, emarginate, or forked, its peduncle comparatively stout ; sexual peculiarities var- 

 iously developed; the males in typical species with the jaws prolonged and the front 

 teeth enlarged, the lower jaw being hooked upwards at the end, and the upper jaw 

 emarginate or perforate. In some species these peculiarities are little marked. Species 

 of moderate or large size, black-spotted, abounding in the rivers and lakes of Northern 

 America, Asia, and Europe, from the Atlantic Ocean ; one or two species, marine and 

 anadromons. 



But one species of this genus occurs in the Atlantic waters of America, the Common 

 Marine Salmon of Europe and America. As attempts have been made to introduce thia 

 species into the waters of Ohio, we give an account of it here. 



ICO. Salmo salar Linnseus. 

 Sea. Salmon ; Common Salmon. 



Salmo salar, LiNN.a)us, Syst. Naturse; Gunther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., vi, 1758, 2, and 



of nearly all authors. 

 Salmo sebago, Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 3E0, a local variety, land locked 



in the lakes of Maine. 

 Salmo gloveri, Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 65, youtig or pair-form. 



Body moderately elongate, symmetrical, not greatly compressed; head rather low ; 

 month moderate, the maxillary reaching just past the eye, its length 2^-3 in head ; in 

 young specimens (parrs) the maxillary is proportionately shorter ; preoperculum with 

 a distinct lower limb, the angle rounded ; scales comparatively large, rather largest 

 posteriorly, silvery and well imbricated in the young, becoming imbedded in adult males j 

 vomerine teeth little developed, those on the shaft of the bone few and deciduous ; 

 scales large (lat. 1. 120); caudal fia well forked, truucate in old individuals; no hyoid 

 teeth ; sexual differences strong; breeding males with the lower jiw hooked upwards, 

 the upper jaw emarginate or perforate to receive its tip ; coloration in the adult brown- 

 ish above, the sides more or less silvery, with numerous black spots on sides of head, 

 on body, and on fins, and numerous red patches along the sides in the males ; young 

 specimens (parrs) with about 11 dusky cross-bars, besides black spots and red patches, 

 the color, as well as the form of the head and body, varying much with age, food, and 

 condition ; the black spots in the adult often X shaped, or XX shaped ; head 4 ; depth 

 4 ; B. 11 ; D. 11 ; A. 9 ; scales 23-120-21 ; vertebrae 60 ; pyloric coeca about 65. 



