BROOK TROUT. 



897 



Body modeiately elongate ; month large oi small ; teeth as in Criativomer, bnt rather 

 weaker, the hyoid patch rudimentary or wanting, and the vomer without the taised crest, 

 with a few teeth on the chevron only ; scales very small, 200-250 in a longitudinal row ; 

 £nB moderate, as in Crietivomer, the caudal forked in the young, truncate in some species 

 in the adult ; sexual peculiarities not strongly ma^rked, the males with the premaxil- 

 laries enlarged, and a fleshy projection at the tip of the lower jaw ; coloration dark, 

 with round, crimson spots, and the lower fins with marginal bands of black, reddish, 

 and pale ; species numerous in the clear streams of the northern parts of both conti- 

 nents, sometimes descending to the sea, where they lose their variegated colors and be- 

 come nearly plain and silvery ; the members of this genus are in general the smallest 

 and handsomest of the trout. But one species is found in the Eastern United States ; 

 another very similar is found west of the Cascade Bange, and several inhabit the waters 

 of Arctic America. 



102. Salvelinus FONTiNALia (Mitchill) Gill and Jordan. 



Brook Trout; Speckled Trout ; Salmon Trout of Canada. 



Salmofontinalis, Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 435. — Gunthbk, Cat. 



Fishes Brit. Mus., vi, 153, and of nearly all authors. 

 Salvelinus fontinalis, Jordan, Man. Vert., 2d Ed., 1878, 360; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 



i, 81. 

 Salmo canadensis, Hamilton Smith, in Griffith's Cuvier, 1834, 474. 

 Salmo immaculatus, H. R. Stoker, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., vi, 1850, 364 (based on large 



sea-run specimens, the so-called " Canadian Salmon Trout"). 

 .Salmo hudsonicus, Lucklbt, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1861, 310. 



Description. — Body oblong or elongate, moderately compressed, not much elevated ; 

 head large, but not very long, the snout bluntish, the interorbital space rather broad ; 

 month large, the maxillary reaching more or less beyond the eye ; eye large, usually 

 somewhat above the line of the axis of the body ; caudal fln slightly lunate in the adult, 

 forked in the young ; adipose fin small ; pectoral and ventral fins not especially elon- 

 gate ; red spots on the side, rather smaller than the pupil; back mostly without spots, 

 more or less barred or mottled ; dorsal and caudal fins mottled or barred with darker ; 

 lower fins dusky, 'with a pale, usually orange band anteriorly, followed by a darker one ; 

 belly in the males often more or less reld; sea-run individuals ("Canadian Salmon 

 Trout") are often nearly plain, bright silvery, many local varieties distinguished by 

 shades of color also occur ; head4ij depth 4J; D, 10; A. 9; scales 37-230-30 ; gill-rakers 

 about 6-11. Length 18 inches or less. Weight i pound to 10 pounds or more, depend- 

 ing on food, locality, size of stream, etc. 



Habitat, clear, cold streams from Pennsylvania to Dakota and northward to the Arc- 

 tic Circle, southward in the AUeghanies to the head waters of the Savannah, Chatta- 

 'hooohee, Catajrba, and French Broad. In Ohio the species is, I am told, confined to 

 one or two small streams in Ashtabula county. 



Diagnom. — The Brook Trout is too well known to need especial de- 

 scription here. It can, only by any possibility, be confounded with the 

 young of the Lake Trout among Eastern fishes. The absence of teeth 



57 



