970 FISHES — PERCID^. 



Habits — It lives in rapids in clear water, and does not ascend small 

 streams. 



Genus 76. PERCINA. Haldeman. 



Percina, Haudeman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Soi. Phila., viii, 1842, 330. 



Pileoma, DeKay, New YorK Fauna, Fishes, 1842, 16. 



Aaproperca, Heckkl, MSS. in Canestrini Systema der Percoiden, 1860, 311. 



Type, Perca nebuloaa, Haldeman = Seimna caprodes, Eafinesque. 

 EtyiLology, Latin, Percina, a little perch. 



Body eloagate, slightly compreBsed, covered with small ctenoid scales ; lateral line 

 continnous ; ventral hne with enlarged plates, which fall oflf, leaving a naked strip ; 

 head depressed, rather pointed, the mouth being small and inferior, overlapped by a 

 tapering, sabtruncate, pig-like snont ; upper jaw not protractile ; teeth on vomer and 

 palatines ; gill-membranes scarcely connected ; dorsal fins well separated, the first the 

 larger, of 13-15 spines ; the second dorsal rather larger than the anal, which has two 

 spines, the first of which is usually the shorter ; a rudimentary air-bladder and 

 pgeudobranohise ; vertebrae (P. caprodes) 19 plus 22; general pattern of coloration 

 olivaceous, with dark vertical bands alternately long and short; largest of the darters. 



138. Percina capkodes (Eafinesque) Girard. 



LiOg-percb ; Hojif-fisli ; Rock-fish ; Hog-molly. 



Soiana caprodes, Eafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. and Crit. Eev., 1818, 354. 

 Etheosioma caprodes, Eajpinesqub, Journal de Phys., 1819, 419. — Eatinesqub, Ich. Oh., 



18^0, 38.— Kirtland, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iii, 1841, 346. 

 Pileoma caprodes, Vaiixant, Eeoherches Etheost, 1873, 43. 

 Percina caprodes, Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 66, — Jordan and Copeland, 



Amer. Nat., 1876, 337, and of all recent American writers. 

 Percina neiulosa, Haidbman, Jeurn. Aoad. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, 1842, 330. 

 Pileoma semd/asciatum, DeKay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, 16. 

 Percina bimaculata, Haldeman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1843, 157. 

 Eiheoatoma zebra, Agassiz, Lake Superior, 1850, 308. 



Description — Body elongate, compressed ; head l»ug and pointed, depressed and 

 sloping above ; mouth small, quite inferior, the maxUlary not reaching nearly to the 

 front of the eye ; cheeks and opercles scaly ; chest naked, space in front of spinous 

 dorsal scaly ; fins rather low ; color salmon-yeliow or greenish, with about fifteen trans- 

 verse dark bands from the back to the belly, these usually alternating with shorter and 

 fainter ones, which reach about to the lateral line ; a black spot at the base of the 

 «audal ; fins barred ; head 4 ; depth 6i ; D. XV, 15 ; A II, 9 ; Lat. 1. 92. Length 6 to 8 

 Inches, being much the largest in size of the Darters. 



Habitat, Quebec to Georgia, Lake Superior, and the Eio Grande, abundant in all 

 streams, particularly in the basin of the Ohio. 



Diagnosis. — From other Darters this species may be known by the 

 pointed and pig-like nose, and by the zebra-like black bands on the sides. 



Habits. — This species thrives ia clear, rapid streams with gravelly bot- 

 toms, and is generally abundant throughout Ohio. It is large enough to 



