54 THE SKELETON OF THE CAT. 
pterygoid fossa and separated from it by a sharp ridge is the 
small narrow internal pterygoid fossa (s), which extends ven- 
trad without interruption on to the surface of the hamulus (?) 
and caudad to within two or three millimeters of the tympanic 
bulla. From it the internal pterygoid muscle takes origin, 
The hamulus (¢) projects caudoventrad in this region, forming 
a prominent feature in a lateral view. 
Four foramina leading into the cranial cavity are visible in 
a lateral view of the skull, craniad of the tympanic bulla. The 
one nearest the bulla is the foramen ovale (w) for the third 
division of the fifth nerve; next craniad of this is the foramen 
rotundum (v) for the second division of the fifth nerve. These 
two foramina pierce the alisphenoid: just craniad of them, 
between the alisphenoid and the orbitosphenoid, is the large 
orbital fissure (7) (foramen lacerum anterius), which transmits 
the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves and the first division 
of the fifth. Dorsocraniad of the orbital fissure is the optic 
foramen (w), for the optic nerve. 
Ventrad of the cranial portion of the orbit is the large 
sphenopalatine foramen (¢), for the nerves and arteries of the 
same name. Just craniad of this is the small caudal opening 
of the posterior palatine canal, which passes through the sub- 
stance of the palatine bone and opens on its ventral surface 
near its cranial margin. Just dorsad of the cranial root of the 
zygomatic arch is the opening of the lachrymal canal (+), 
while the root of the arch is pierced by the large infraorbital 
foramen (7), which transmits the infraorbital nerves and artery 
from the orbit. 
The teeth (13-18), implanted along the alveolar border of the 
maxillary and premaxillary, form a prominent feature in a 
lateral view: they are described in the account of the alimen- 
tary canal. 
The ventral surface of the skull (Fig. 41) is very complex. 
It is separated by the orbits into a caudal and a cranial portion, 
united by a narrow median trough-like part. Laterad of this 
trough-like part are visible parts of the orbit and the zygomatic 
arches, which do not properly belong to the ventral surface and 
have already been described. 
