THE SKULL. 57 
palatini). Near the cranial end of the hard palate are two 
large openings close together near the middle line: these are 
the foramina incisiva (or anterior palatine foramina) (s). 
Cavities of the Skull (Figs. 42 and 43).—The bones of 
the cranial portion of the skull enclose the cranial cavity for 
Fic, 42.—-SKULL, WITH DorsAL SURFACE REMOVED, SHOWING THE CRANIAL 
AND NASAL CAVITIES. 
a, foramen magnum; 4, caudal end of hypoglossal canal; c, jugular foramen; ¢@, 
internal auditory meatus; ¢, tentorium, forming the cranial boundary of the cerebellar 
fossa; 7, dorsum sellz; g, sella turcica; 4, anterior clinoid processes; 2, foramen 
ovale; 7, foramen rotundum; 4, orbital fissure; 7, optic foramen; m, chiasmatic 
groove; 2, presphenoid bone; 9, cribriform plate: J, lamina perpendicularis of eth- 
moid; g, labyrinths of ethmoid; 7, nares; s, foramina incisiva or anterior palatine 
foramina; ¢, infraorbital foramen; #, opening of the lachrymal canal; v, caudal 
opening of posterior palatine canal; w, sphenopalatine foramen; .x, frontal process of 
the malar; y, zygomatic process of the temporal; z, appendicular fossa, in the pe- 
trous bone. 
the brain; the facial bones enclose the nasal cavity, for the 
olfactory organ. 
The cranial cavity is divisible into three principal fossx: 
the cerebellar fossa (Fig. 43, 7) caudad, for the cerebellum; 
