100 THE MUSCLES. 
The four following muscles lie partly or entirely beneath 
those already described; they are doubtless formed as differen- 
tiations of the inner layers of the platysma. 
M. auricularis superior (or attollens auris) (Fig. 63, 4).— 
This muscle forms a band about one centimeter broad lying 
just beneath the levator longus (g). 
Origin on the sagittal crest for about one centimeter craniad 
of the interparietal bone. The muscle passes laterad onto the 
surface of the auricle and is inserted into the auricular cartilage 
a little caudad of the middle of its convex surface. At its 
lateral end the cranial margin is closely united to the under 
surface of the levator auris longus (g). 
Relations.—Outer surface at the medial end with the epi- 
cranius (#), the abductor auris longus (), and levator auris 
longus (g); at the lateral end with the skin. Inner surface 
with the temporal muscle (vz) and the auricular cartilage. 
Action.—Pulls the external ear dorsad. 
M. abductor auris longus (Fig. 63, m; Fig. 64, g). (Part 
of the auricularis posterior of man.) 
Origin on the sagittal crest dorsad of the interparietal bone, 
caudad of that of the auricularis superior (#), which it partly 
covers. 
The muscle passes laterad as a flat band 8 to Io millimeters 
wide over the caudal surface of the concha of the ear, and is 
inserted (Fig. 64, g) on the lateral surface of the eminentia 
conche, caudad of the antitragus. 
Relations. —Outer surface with the levator auris longus (g) 
and the integument. Inner surface with the auricularis superior 
(2), the abductor auris brevis (7), and the concha. 
Action.—Pulls the external ear caudad. 
M. abductor auris brevis (Fig. 63, /). 
Origin by a tendon from the lambdoidal crest for one or 
two centimeters laterad of the middle. 
The muscle passes lateroventrad lying beneath the abductor 
longus (#) as a flat band 6 to 8 millimeters wide which is 
inserted into the medial surface of the most proximal portion 
of the concha, just distad of its junction with the cartilaginous 
auditory meatus. 
