THE MUSCLES OF THE HEAD. 105 
described in connection with the account of the Auditcry 
Organ. 
Owing to the presence of the fibrous pad to which the 
whiskers are attached, the facial muscles between the eye and 
the mouth differ in the cat in some respects from those of 
related animals. This fibrous pad interrupts the muscles, fre- 
quently breaking muscles which are elsewhere single into two. 
M. zygomaticus minor, or malaris (Fig. 64, ¢).—This 
muscle is not always present; when it exists it forms a very thin 
flat band of fibres passing from the ventral side of the eye 
toward the angle of the mouth. 
Origin among the fibres of the orbicularis oculi (s) in the 
lower eyelid. The fibres pass ventrad; the insertion varies. 
In some specimens the insertion is among the fibres of the 
orbicularis oris (¢), at the angle of the mouth, beneath the 
zygomaticus (d@). In other cases this muscle is said to be 
inserted into the pad on which the whiskers rest. 
Relations. —Outer surface with the integument and near its 
insertion with the zygomaticus major (@). Inner surface with 
the malar bone and the masseter muscle. 
Action.—Pulls the angle of the mouth (or the whiskers) 
dorsad. 
M. orbicularis oris (Fig. 64, 7).—This forms a very thin 
layer of subcutaneous concentric fibres which surround the 
mouth, that of the upper lip being thicker than that of the 
lower lip. The part of the muscle in the lower lip has its 
fibres intermingled with those of the platysma (a’). In the 
median line the fibres of the upper lip are interrupted by a 
raphe, and caudad of this are intermingled with those of the 
caninus. 
M. quadratus labii superioris (Fig. 63, # and g; Fig. 64, 
fand g).—This is a complex of muscle-fibres attached chiefly 
to the fibrous pad on which the whiskers rest. In it two parts 
can be distinguished more or less completely. 
(1) M. levator labii superioris aleque nasi (Fig. 63, p; 
Fig. 64, g) on the sides of the nose. This arises (a) as a con- 
tinuation of the frontal portion of the epicranius, and (4) in a 
