MUSCLES OF THE BODY. 133 
Insertion by a strong tendon into the medial part of the 
lambdoidal crest. 
Relations.—Outer surface with the splenius (Fig. 73, 4) and 
at the caudal end with the longissimus dorsi (Fig. 69, 7”). 
Inner surface with the spinalis dorsi (Fig. 69, g), the semi- 
spinalis cervicis (Fig. 71, c), and the rectus capitis posterior 
major (Fig. 71, a). Medial edge with the muscle of the oppo- 
site side; lateral edge with the complexus (Fig. 69, 4). 
Action.—Raises the snout. 
M. complexus (Fig. 69, 4) (lateral portion of M. semi- 
spinalis cervicis et capitis).—The complexus is closely asso- 
ciated with the biventer cervicis (a) and lies on its lateral side 
beneath the splenius (Fig. 73, 4). 
Origin by tendinous bands from the anterior articular 
processes of the last five or six cervical and the first one, two, 
or three thoracic vertebrae. The same bands give origin 
externally to the fibres of the longissimus capitis (Fig. 69, ¢), 
and internally to those of deeper muscles of the neck. The 
six or more muscular slips continued from these tendons unite 
to form a flat band, the 
Insertion of which is by a flat tendon into the medial third 
of the lambdoidal crest some distance ventrad of the free edge 
of the crest. Near the insertion the lateral border of the 
muscle is connected by an aponeurotic band to the lateral 
border of the transverse process of the atlas. 
Relations. —Outer surface at the dorsal border with the 
biventer cervicis (Fig. 69, 2); at the middle with the splenius 
(Fig. 73, 4); at the ventral border with the longissimus capitis 
(Fig. 69, ¢) and the longissimus dorsi (Fig. 69, f’). Inner 
surface with the cervical portion of the spinalis dorsi, with the 
semispinalis cervicis (Fig. 71, c), the obliquus capitis inferior 
(Fig. 71, 4), the rectus capitis posterior major (Fig. 71, a), and 
the obliquus superior (Fig. 71, ¢). 
Action.—Raises the head. 
M. spinalis dorsi extends into the cervical region; it has 
been described. 
M. semispinalis cervicis (Fig. 71, c).—This represents 
that portion of the multifidus spine which extends into the 
