142 THE MUSCLES. 
These three divisions unite just craniad of the first rib with 
each other and with the cervical portion of the muscle (/): 
(part of scalenus anterior). This consists of a number of 
small bundles of fibres which arise from the first rib and the 
transverse processes of the first thoracic and the last six cervical 
vertebre. 
The zzsertzon is onto the transverse processes of all the cervi- 
cal vertebre, including the axisandatlas. According to Strauss- 
Durckheim the fibres from any given transverse process are insert- 
ed into the transverse processes of all the vertebrz craniad of it. 
The muscle is partly continuous craniad with the longus 
capitis (¢). The cervical nerves pass out between the bundles 
of the cervical portion. 
Relations.—Outer (lateral) surface in the thoracic region 
with the external oblique (Fig. 68, #), the pectoralis minor 
(Fig. 65, 0), and in part with the serratus anterior (Fig. 73, 2); 
in the cervical region with the sternomastoid (Fig. 65, g). 
Inner (medial) surface with the serratus anterior (Fig. 73, 2), 
the levator scapula (Fig. 73, 2), the longus atlantis, the trans- 
verse processes of the cervical vertebrx, and the longus capitis 
(Fig. 73, @). 
Action.—Flexes the neck and draws the ribs craniad. 
M. longus capitis (or rectus capitis anterior major) (Fig. 
72, a; Fig. 73, ¢).—This is a long muscle lying on the ventral 
aspect of the cervical vertebre. With the muscle of the 
opposite side and the underlying longus colli (Fig. 72, g’) it 
forms a trough: in which lie the cesophagus, pharynx, and 
trachea. 
Origin by five (or six) heads from the ventral margins of 
the transverse processes: of the cervical vertebre from the 
second to the sixth inclusive. The heads unite into a common 
belly, the lateral border of which is united with the levator 
scapulz ventralis (Fig. 72, c’’) near its insertion. 
Insertion into the body of the sphenoid bone between the 
bulla and the middle line. The insertion extends craniad 
onto the basisphenoid. 
Relations.—Ventral surface with the sternomastoid (Fig. 
65, g) and the large lymphatic gland ventrad of the external 
