190 THE MUSCLES. 
Origin from the ventral half of the ilium, from near its 
cranial end to a point midway between the posterior iliac spine 
and the spine of the ischium. The muscle ends in a strong 
flat tendon. . 
insertion into an oval facet at the base of the dorsal surface 
of the great trochanter on its lateral side. 
Relations.—Outer surface with the gluteus medius (Fig. 
90, 8) and at the caudal border with the gemellus superior 
(Fig. 163, 6). Inner surface with the capsularis and rectus 
‘femoris (Fig. 92, 4). 
Action.—Rotates the femur so as to carry the foot out. 
M. capsularis (gluteus quartus, or epimeralis).—The cap- 
sularis is a small flat bundle of muscle-fibres which lies obliquely 
beneath the gluteus minimus (Fig. 163, 5) and gemellus superior 
(6) on the lateral or outer surface of the ilium. 
Origin by fleshy fibres from the surface of the ilium over a 
triangular area between the origin of the rectus femoris (Fig. 
92, 4) ventrad, the gemellus superior (Fig. 163, 6) dorsad, and 
of the gluteus minimus (Fig. 163, 5) craniad and the aceta- 
bulum caudad. The muscle passes over the smooth surface of 
the ilium and the pubis ventrad of the acetabulum and then 
over the capsule of the joint. 
Insertion by fleshy fibres for about one centimeter in the 
middle line on the dorsal surface of the femur distad of the 
great trochanter. 
Relations.—Outer surface with the gluteus minimus (Fig. 
163, 5), the gemellus superior (6), and the vastus lateralis (Fig. 
90, 2). Inner surface with the ilium, the rectus femoris (Fig. 
92, 8), the capsule of the joint, and the vastus medialis (Fig. 
92, ¢). 
Action.—Rotates the thigh so as to carry the foot inward, 
hence antagonizes the iliopsoas. 
M. gemellus inferior.—The gemellus inferior is a flat tri- 
angular muscle situated just caudad of the gemellus superior 
and beneath the obturator internus (Fig. 90, ¢), so that it is 
seen on reflecting the latter 
Origin from the dorsal one-half of the whole lateral surface 
of the ischium between the ischial spine and the ischial tuber- 
