434 APPENDIX. 
In transecting a muscle, work under it completely from one edge 
to the other (except in case of very wide muscles), then introduce 
the scissors or scalpel, and cut it by a smooth clean cut. Always 
leave the entire origin with one-half of the muscle, the entire inser- 
tion with the other half. 
The student must be prepared to find in some cases considerable 
variations from the conditions described. The descriptions attempt 
to give an account of the wsuza/ structures, but specimens showing 
no variations whatever are undoubtedly rare. 
DIRECTIONS FOR DISSECTING THE MUSCLES OF THE CAT. 
I, THE Sxin-muscLes (pp. 93-96, and Fig. 62). 
These will perhaps not usually be dissected. If they are to be 
dissected, proceed as follows: Make a ventral median longitudinal 
incision of the skin from the cranial end of the manubrium to a 
point opposite the crest of the ilium. Connect the cranial end of this 
incision with the middle of the lambdoidal ridge by a similar incision 
through the skin. Make another incision from the manubrium to 
the spinous process of the thirteenth thoracic vertebra. Connect 
the caudal end of the first incision by an oblique cut with the root of 
the tail. Make another incision from the convexity of the knee- 
joint along the fold of skin which connects the hind limb and body, 
as far as the incision which leads to the root of the tail. Make an 
incision surrounding the base of the forelimb. Now reflect these 
flaps one at a time, working in general from the ventral side toward 
the dorsal middle line. Take great pains not to take up the thin 
skin-muscle with the skin. In this way all of one side of the body 
will be uncovered. The cutaneus maximus (Fig. 62, 6) and a part 
of the platysma (Fig. 62, a) will be thus exposed. Read and verify 
the descriptions of these muscles (pp. 93-96). The cranial portion 
of the platysma cannot be seen at this stage, but should be dissected 
in connection with the muscles of the face. 
II. SuperriciaL MuscLes oF THE Face anp Heap (pp. 96-107, and 
Figs. 63 and 64). 
These will perhaps not usually be dissected by the student. 
They should be studied on a well-dissected laboratory preparation, 
if possible. If they are to be ‘dissected, this should be done if 
possible on a fresh specimen, as it is very difficult to dissect them 
on preserved material. Proceed as follows: 
The skin should be removed with care from the sides and top of 
the face and head, without injury to the external ear. 
1. The platysma (p. 95, and Fig. 62, @). Determine its 
cranial attachments. 
2. The intermedius scutulorum (p. 96, and Fig. 63, a). 
