PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS. 445 
this point and reflect its proximal portion. Turn aside the distal 
end and find beneath it the transverse aponeurosis between the vastus 
medialis and the vastus lateralis, and covering the vastus intermedius. 
The vastus lateralis (Fig. 90, 7) may be cut near the middle and 
dissected up from its origin in both directions; the vastus intermedius 
is thus exposed, The vastus medialis (Fig. 92, c) and the vastus 
intermedius need not be cut. 
24. The gastrocnemius (p. 203, and Fig. 90, m; Fig. gt, 4). 
It may be raised cautiously near its middle and divided. Care 
should be taken not to divide the underlying plantaris (Fig. go, 7). 
After noting the connection of the outer head with the plantaris, the 
latter may be divided and reflected, together with the outer head. 
25. The plantaris (p. 205, and Figs. go and 91, /). 
26. The flexor brevis digitorum (p. 212). In tracing its tendon 
note the three branches of the common plantar ligament which 
emerges from between the second and third tendons. The outer 
branch is inserted into the fascia covering the base of the fifth digit, 
while the other two spread out into the bilobed pad of the sole. 
27, The soleus (p. 205, and Fig. 90, 0), Cut and reflect. 
28. The popliteus (p. 206, and Fig. g2, &). Cut very near the 
origin and reflect. 
The three following deep muscles on the ventral surface of the 
shank are covered by the deep crural fascia (p. 206) which separates 
them from the overlying muscles. It should be removed. 
29. The flexor longus hallucis (p. 207, and Fig. g1, m). Divide 
the muscle at its junction with the tendon. Open the canals on the 
astragalus and calcaneus and reflect the tendon, cutting the tendon 
of the flexor longus digitorum near its insertion and dividing at the 
middle the quadratus planta (p. 213) which may be found inserted 
into its ventral surface. 
30. Flexor longus digitorum (p. 208, and Fig. 91, ~). This 
may be divided very near its origin. : 
31. Tibialis posterior (p. 208, and Fig. 91, 0). This may be 
divided near its tendon. 
32. Peroneus longus (p. 209, and Fig. 90, g). The overlying 
tendons may be cut in tracing its insertion. 
33. Peroneus brevis (p. 210, and Fig. go, 5). 
34. Peroneus tertius (p. 210, and Fig. go, 7). 
35. Extensor longus digitorum (p. 210, and Fig. go, 9). 
36. Tibialis anterior (p. 211, and Fig. go, 7). 
37. The extensor brevis digitorum (p. 212, and Fig. go, #). 
38. The quadratus plante (p. 213). It was cut in dissecting the 
flexor longus hallucis. 
39. The lumbricales (p. 213). 
40. The interossei (with the muscles of the fifth digit) (p. 214). 
41. The tarsal muscles (p. 215). The overlying ligaments must 
be removed in order to expose the scaphocuneiform. 
