PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS. 447 
X. Muscrzes or tue Tart (p. 136). 
By removing the skin of the tail, all the muscles of the tail are 
now easily seen. 
I, 2, 3, 4, 5—see 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, above (IX). 
6. The abductor caudz externus (p. 137, and Fig. 113, 4; Fig. 
79, &)- 
7. The extensor caudz lateralis (p. 137, and Fig. 70, /). 
8. The extensor caudz medialis (p. 136, and Fig. 70, e). 
THE VISCERA. 
Kill the specimen with chloroform and inject with the five per 
cent. formalin, or the mixture of formalin and glycerine, as for the 
muscles, (It is an advantage if the preliminary examination of the 
viscera can be done in a perfectly fresh, uninjected specimen; such 
a specimen can be kept but a day or two, however. After one day’s 
examination the skin may be removed and the specimen placed in 
two per cent. formalin; it will usually be fairly well preserved by 
this, though the formalin is too strong to make the later dissection 
pleasant. The specimen cannot be preserved in this manner unless 
the skin is removed, and a sufficient quantity of formalin used.) 
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE VISCERA. 
(In this preliminary examination the descriptions in the text need 
not be read, except when this is specially directed.) 
Wet the hair along a line from the symphysis of the jaw to the 
pubis. Part it and make a longitudinal incision through the skin 
along the line. Make a transverse incision of the skin five centimeters 
caudad of the xiphoid process and reflect the flaps. Incise the body 
wall from the last rib to the pelvis along the same line as above and 
also transversely. Reflect the flaps without injuring the ligaments of 
the bladder. Make an incision through the pectoral muscles between 
the first rib and the ventral attachment of the diaphragm and about 
one centimeter from the median line. Make a second incision of the 
muscles from the cranial end of the first incision along the angles of 
the ribs to near the dorsolateral attachment of the diaphragm. Cut 
the ribs and thoracic wall along these incisions with strong scissors; 
connect the two incisions at their caudal ends, and remove the lateral 
thoracic wall thus circumscribed. Note the thoracic and abdominal 
cavities, separated by the diaphragm. 
Note the following viscera in their fresh condition: _ 
A. In the abdominal cavity (without injuring anything) 
1. The liver, dark red and lobed, in the cranial part of the 
cavity, lying against the diaphragm. 
2. The gall-bladder partly imbedded in the right median lobe. 
3. Displacing the liver craniad, the stomach is seen dorsad of its 
left lobe. It may extend dorsad of the right lobe, its size depending 
on the degree of distension. 
