448 APPENDIX. 
4. The duodenum or first part of the small intestine leaves the 
stomach at its right side craniad and makes a U bend, the head of 
which is directed caudad; it then turns toward the middle line dorsad 
of the remaining part of the small intestine. 
5. The great omentum isa thin fold of peritoneum with many 
bands of fat. It passes like a curtain from the great curvature of 
the stomach ventrad of the coils of the small intestine (ileum). It is 
tucked beneath the mass of coils at the sides and caudally, and folds 
of it extend between the individual coils. Turn it craniad and note— 
6. The numerous coils of the third part of the small intestine or 
ileum. Turn these to one side and note— 
7. The connection of the ileum with the duodenum across the 
middle line. An indefinite part of the intestine between the ileum 
and duodenum is called the jejunum, because in man it is found 
empty after death. 
8. The passage of the ileum into the side of the large intestine 
which begins on the right side just caudad of the loops of the 
duodenum. The first part of the large intestine is the colon. It 
may be traced first toward the head (ascending colon), then sinistro- 
caudad (transverse colon) and then caudad (descending colon). The 
descending colon returns to the middle line and the large intestine 
then continues to the anus as the rectum. 
The blind pouch of the colon which lies caudad of the opening 
of the ileum is the caecum, 
g. Turn the duodenum toward the left and note the pancreas, 
a light red, elongated organ which stretches along the greater curva- 
ture of the stomach and thence between the two lines of the duodenal 
U to its bottom. 
10. The spleen, parallel to the gastric portion of the pancreas. 
It is deep red (darker than the pancreas and not so brown as the 
liver) and is held against the great curvature of the stomach by a part 
of the great omentum. 
11. The kidneys, close against the dorsal body wall and in con- 
tact with the caudal part of the liver. 
12. The bladder, in the median line at the caudal end of the 
cavity, held in place by the suspensory ligament, which passes to the 
midventral line, and by the lateral ligaments, 
13. The mesenteric glands, large grayish-red glands one to four 
centimeters long, more numerous in the mesocolon. 
14. In the female, lying against the ventral surface of the rectum, 
the uterus. It divides into two horns which diverge. Near the end 
of each horn the ovary. 
15. The peritoneum. Study and understand the description of 
it (p. 218). Dissect some of it free from the body wall. (Trace the 
folds by aid of a diagram and model.) 
B. In the thoracic cavity: 
1. The lungs. Each is divided into lobes, three on the left, four 
on the right. The caudal right lobe pushes the mediastium toward 
