400 APPENDIX, 
sympathetic and vagus nerves. Follow the vagus (p. 378) first 
craniad; transect the muscles as necessity arises, and find its ganglion 
nodosum and at the same time locate the superior cervical ganglion 
of the sympathetic nerve (p. 404, and Fig. 156). Then find the 
hypoglossal nerve (Fig. 156, 4), passing outside of the carotid artery 
to the tongue, and the accessory (Fig. 156, c), passing to the tra- 
pezius, Cut and reflect the digastric muscle and find the small 
glossopharyngeal nerve (Fig. 156, a), passing to the surface of the 
bulla and then beneath the carotid artery. 
2. Follow the vagus (p. 378) caudad to its termination. To do 
this it is necessary to remove one side of the thorax, as in dissecting 
the blood-vessels. Do not injure the nerves of the axilla, nor the 
phrenic or sympathetic nerves. For the vagus in the thorax, com- 
pare Fig. 157. Find the branches of the nerve; in dissecting them, 
pull on them to make them tense. They are then more easily 
visible. To dissect the abdominal portion of the vagus, open the 
abdominal cavity, and compare Fig. 164 (p. 407). 
3. Dissect the sympathetic (p. 404), following it and its branches 
to the pelvic region (Figs. 156, 157, and 164). 
4. The hypoglossal (p. 383, and Fig? 156, 4). 
5. The glossopharyngeal (p. 378, and Fig. 156, 2). 
6. The accessory nerve (p. 382, and Fig. 156, c; Fig. 158, 1). 
Cut away a portion of the tympanic bulla and the base of the 
skull, sufficient to follow these nerves in the jugular foramen, to the 
brain. 
7. Locate the stylomastoid foramen and pick away overlying 
tissue until the facial nerve is found emerging and then follow its 
branches to their distribution (p. 375, and Fig. 155). 
8. Expose the ventral surface af the pterygoid muscles just 
mediad of the angle of the jaw. Divide and reflect them, and the 
mandibular division of the fifth nerve (p. 373, and Fig. 154) will be 
found dorsad of them and of the internal maxillary artery. The 
chorda tympani (p. 375) passes ventrad of the artery to join the 
lingual. Follow out (1) the lingual branch (p. 375) (with the chorda 
tympani), and (2) the inferior alveolar (p. 375) by cutting away the 
ventral border of the mandible. Then cut the mandible near the 
canine tooth, and pull it to one side, and follow out the muscular 
branches of the mandibular nerve. 
g. Remove the mandible and find the maxillary nerve (p. 371) 
emerging from the foramen rotundum. Follow its branches and find 
the sphenopalatine ganglion (p. 372). 
10. Remove the zygoma so as to expose the whole ventral aspect 
of the orbit. Carefully pick away the fat in the orbit without injuring 
any nerves, so as to expose the four recti muscles and the inferior 
oblique (see p. 411, and Fig. 166). . Find the abducens nerve 
(p. 375, and Fig. 154), entering the dorsal edge of the lateral rectus, 
and follow it back. Look on the inner surface of the inferior rectus 
for the branch of the third nerve (p. 369) which supplies it. Find 
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