INSECT FOOD OF CAKDINAL. 



17 



related to the grasshoppers, belong to the order Hemiptera, which 

 furnishes 3.72 percent of the cardinal's subsistence. These dogday 

 locusts, harvest or jarflies, which injure the twigs of trees, are, on 

 account of their loud, vibrating song, among the best-known insects. 



Pig. 10. — Zebra caterpillar (Mamestra picta). (From Chittenden, Bureau of Entomology.) 



Their great size wQuld.seem to prevent most birds from capturing 

 them, but 9 of the redbirds examined had accomplished the feat. 

 The common harvest fly {Cicada tibicen, fig. 11) was identified from 



Fig. 11. — Harvest fly (Cicada UVicen). (From Lugger, Minnesota Experiment Station.) 



two stomachs, and according to A. W. Butler" the seventeen-year 

 locust {Tibicen septendecim) also is eaten by the redbird. 



Several insects of this order are miniatures of the cicadas, such as 

 the jumping plant-lice (Psyllidse) and leaf -hoppers (Tettigonidae) . 



aBull. 12, DiT. Ent.i 1886, p. 30. 



