614 



ZOOLOGY. 



though whether the hybrids thuB produced are fertile or not 

 is unknown. 



The ox is succeeded by the girafle, with its long neck, 

 Avhich makes it the tallest of all quadrupeds. 



The last family of Ungulates, the GamelidcB, comprises the 

 camels of the Old World, and the llama and vicuna of South 

 America. In former (Tertiary) times a llama-like animal 

 inhabited the Pacific coast to Oregon. In the camels the 

 upper lateral incisors are present ; the stomach is less 

 distinctly divided into four chambers, the third stomach, as 

 such, is wanting, though the second stomach has the deep 

 cells, which suggested the fable that the camel stores up a 

 supply of water in its stomach for its march over deserts. 



Fig. 533.— Skull of Liou. 



The toes have very large, thick pads, while the hoofs are 

 reduced to nail-like proportions. 



Order 11. Carnivora {Ferm).—T\\Q bear, cat, tiger, and 

 hon recall the leading forms of this order. The skull is 

 massive, though the head is small or of moderate size • the 

 teeth are all well developed, especially the canines ; the' mo- 

 lars usually have two or three roots, and the feet have large 

 claws. The stomach is simple. The cerebral hemispheres 

 of the lower carnivores have usually but three distinct con- 

 volutions, while the latter are much more numerous and 

 complicated, the brain itself being broader, in the aquatic 

 forms {Pmmpedia). The group is divided into two sub- 

 orders, ^.e. the Pmnipedia or seals, and the land species (Pis- 

 sipedia). In the former group the feet are webbed the toes 



