CHIMPANZEE AND GORILLA. 623 



The average capacity of the Caucasian skull is 92 cubic inches. 



According to Wyman, the range of variation in different 

 races of men, as seen in seventeen skulls, is from 92 to 75 

 cubic inches ; in the gorilla from 34 to 25 cubic inches, nine 

 skulls having been measured. There is but a single species 

 of orang, which is restricted to Sumatra and Borneo. It is 

 said to be very intelligent, to possess a voice so loud as to be 

 heard one or two miles, and to build a nest to sleep on. 



The chimpanzee and gorilla are only found on the west 

 coast of Africa. The chimpanzee {Mimetes niger Geoffrey 

 with its variety Tschego, Fig. 537) inhabits the coast from 

 Sierra Leone to Congo. It is about 1^ metres (5 feet) in 

 height. It can stand or run erect, but it usually leans for- 

 ward, resting on its knuckles ; the arms span about half as 

 much again as the creature's height. Both the chimpanzee 

 and gorilla have fourteen pairs of ribs. The chimpanzee lives 

 on fruit, is an active climber, and nests in trees, changing its 

 rude quarters according to circumstances. Eev. Dr. Savage 

 states that " they generally build not far above the ground. 

 Branches or twigs are bent, or partly broken, and crossed, 

 and the whole supported by the body of a limb or a crotch. 

 Sometimes a nest will be found near the end of a strong 

 leafy IrancJi twenty or thirty feet from the ground. " 



The gorilla, like the chimpanzee, goes in bands, but the 

 company is smaller, and led by a single adult male. They 

 make similar nests, which, however, in the case of both apes, 

 afford no shelter, and are only occupied at night. The 

 gorilla sometimes reaches the height of about 1^ metres (5|- 

 feet) and weighs about 200 pounds. Its ordinary attitude is 

 like that of the chimpanzee ; there is a web between the first 

 Joints of all the fingers and three of the toes, and both hands 

 and feet are broader, while the body is much more robust 

 than in the other apes, being very broad across the shoulders. 

 The span of the arms is to the height as three to two, or a 

 little over eight feet. The skull is thick, and the strength 



