CONTENTS. 



Chapter Page- 



Preface 5. 



Introduction 9 



I The Country of the Copper Eskimos 13 



II The Exploration OF THE Country 28 



III The Distribution of the Population 32 



IV Trade and Intercourse 44 



V Dwellings 56 



VI Dwellings (Continued) 65 



VII Social Organization 83 



VIII Food 97 



IX Winter Life 110 



X Summer Life 121 



XI Hunting and Fishing 145 



XII Marriage, Childbirth, Naming and Treatment of Children. 15S 



XIII Sickness, Death and Bttrial 171 



XIV Religious Beliefs 179 



XV Shamanism , 191 



XVI Shamanism (Continued) 203 



XVII Amusements 218 



XVIII Psychology AND Morality. 228 



Appendix 243 



Bibliography , 250 



Index ' 269 



TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS • 



PLATES 



Page 



I Ikpakhuak and his wife Higilak in full dancing costume Frontispiece. 



II The construction of a snow hut, two figures > 253 



III A winter settlement in the Duke of Yorlk archipelago, two figures 255 



IV Eskimos cooking and eating, three figures 257 



V Summer traveUmg, three figures 259 



VI Eskimo landmarks, three figures 261 



VII Spearing salmon in a weir at the mouth of Nulahugyuk creek, near Bernard 



harbour, three figures 263 



VIII Family life, three figures 265 



IX Kanneyuk and Kila, two Dolphin and Union strait girls, in full dress, two figures. 267 



TEXT FIGURES 



1. Eskimo camp beside a fishing lake behind Bernard harbour 16 



2. View of Mt. Wivyaurun from Lake Angmaloktok, Colville hiUs, S.W. Victoria island. 24 



3. Frozen falls on Okauyarvik creek, S.W. Victoria island 25 



4. A group of Copper Eskimo men and boys who spent the summer of 1914 in Noahognik. 35 



5. Eskimo camp off the mouth of the Coppermine river 38 



6. View of the south coast of Banks island, near Cape Lambton 46 



7. Puivlik Eskimos welcoming visitors from Prince Albert sound at Lake Tahiryuak, 

 S.W. Viptoria island 51 



8. A typical Copper Eskimo lamp, carved out of soapstone 54 



9. Maffa, a T^ee river native, making a stone lamp 54 



10. A fish-hook of caribou antler, from a ruined house beside the Inman river 56 



11. Old stone hut near Locker point 57 



12. Interior of a snow hut . . ' 62 



13. A typical single-roomed snow hut 65 



14. A single snow hut with a dance-house in front 66 



15. Two houses erected side by side, but opening in different directions 66 



16. Two houses erected some distance apart, but joined at their entrances 67 



17. Two houses with joined passages, one of which was evidently built before the other. . 68 



18. Two houses built in collaboration, with a single passage for both 69 



19. A two-roomed dwelling, each room opening into the other, with a door-way common to 

 both 70 



20. A two-roomed dwelling opening on a dance-house 71 



