Exploration of the Country 3] 



has ever been made in these northern regions, and he has left a very interesting 

 and valuable account of the country he passed through and of the people he 

 encountered. 



A Danish trapper and trader, Captain C. Klengenberg, with a small schooner, 

 the Olga, spent the winter of 1905-6 in the vicinity of Cape Kendall, on south- 

 west Victoria islatad. He met a party of the Prince Albert sound natives in the 

 early spring, and they camped near his ship for three days, then disappeared 

 north again. Two years later an American whaler, Captain Wm. Mogg, in 

 the same. vessel, wintered in Minto inlet, and met some of the Eskimos there.* 

 In 1910, Mr. V. Stefansson, travelling by sled along the coast, visited the 

 Eskimos of Dolphin and Union strait and west Coronation gulf, then con- 

 tinued up the Coppermine to Great Bear lake. In the following year he 

 returned, accompanied by Dr. E.. M. Anderson, and visited also the natives of 

 Prince Albert sound. Captain Jos. F. Bernard with his schooner, the Teddy 

 Bear, remained in the country for three years; he spent his first winter, from 

 1910-11, in a bay a few miles east of the Coppermine river, his second, 1912-13, 

 in Bernard harbour, and the last, 1913-14, in a little bight behind Cape Kendall 

 on Victoria island. 



A few other travellers, working down to the mouth of the Coppermine from 

 Great Bear lake, have met the Eskimos within the last few years. In the summer 

 of 1912, two brothers, G. M. and L. D. Douglas, accompanied by the geologist, 

 Dr. August Sandberg, descended to the mouth of the Coppermine in the course 

 of their investigations into the copper deposits of this region. They fell in with a 

 considerable number of Eskimos of whom they have published some interesting 

 photographs. Messrs. J. Hornby and C. D. Melville lived from 1908 to 1911 

 on Great Bear lake; they met some of the Eskimos in their first year^ and many 

 more later. Mr. Melville returned south in 1911, but Mr. Hornby remained 

 for three years longer.' Another traveller, Mr. D'Arcy Arden, was at Great 

 Bear lake from 1914 to 1916. He visited the mouth of the Coppermine with a 

 police patrol in the spring of 1916, and returned to Bear lake again in the following 

 summer with Mr. K. G. Chipman, one of the topographers of the Canadian 

 Arctic Expedition. In 1911, Father Rouvier, of the Order of Mary Immaculate, 

 established a mission on a lake at the head of the Dease river, where Father Le 

 Roux joined him in the following year. At this period the Eskimos were visiting 

 Great Bear lake each summer to trade with the white men and Indians, and in 

 the fall of 1913 the two priests followed some of them north to the mouth of the 

 Coppermine river, and were murdered close to Bloody fall. Two other white 

 men, Messrs. H. V. Radford and T. G. Street, who started from Hudson bay 

 and travelled overland to Bathurst inlet in the summer of 1912, were also killed 

 by the natives. In 1914 the Canadian Arctic Expedition established itself in 

 Dolphin and Union strait and spent two years in exploring the surrounding 

 country. The Anglican mission sent in a party during the summer of 1915; 

 their schooner was blown ashore close to the Croker river, but their leader, the 

 Rev. H. Girling, travelled east in the winter and gained a firm foothold amongst 

 the natives, both in Dolphin and Union strait and in Coronation gulf. Finally, 

 in the summer of 1916, the Hudson's Bay Company established a post in Bernard 

 harbour, which theCanadian Arctic Expedition had just vacated, and other white 

 traders and western Eskimos prepared to follow in their train. The barriers 

 which have separated this country from the outside world for so many centuries 

 have been swept away, and this last outpost of the Eskimo race is now thrown 

 open to the invader.* 



•Apparently it was Capt. Mogg who collected the specimens of implements and clothing acquired by 

 the American Museum of Natural History from Capt. Cottle in 1907. See Anthrop. Papers, AiM.N.H., 

 Vol. II, pt. Ill, p. 314, et seq. 



'See Stefansson, Anthrop. Papers, A.M.N.H., Vol. XIV, pt. I, p. 259. 



'These two travellers presented some Copper Eskimo specimens to the Victoria Memorial Museum 

 at Ottawa, where thsy are now on exhibition. 



*See Stefansson, Anthrop. Papers, A.M.N.H., Vol. XIV, pt. I, pp. 287, et seq. 



