48b 



Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 



Less than half of these observations were made on Eskimos who had been 

 immune from European influence. Hansen has already pointed out that this 

 influence is likely to have caused some modification in the physical type, especi- 

 ally in the stature. It will be advisable, therefore, to make some distinction 

 between the various groups, on the basis of our historical knowledge. 



A. Eskimos virtually untouched by foreign influences, and presumably of 



pure stock. 



1. Ammassalik Eskimos, East Greenland. 



2. Smith Sound Eskimos measured by Steensby. 



3. Iglulik Eskimos measured by Parry. 



4. Copper Eskimos. 



5. Point Barrow Eskimos measured by Ray. 



B. Eskimos modified by European influence. 



1. Hudson bay Eskimos. 



2. Labrador Eskimos. 



3. Greenland Eskimos, except those of Ammassalik. 



C. Eskimos probably modified by both Indian and European influences. 



1. Noatak river Eskimos. 



2. Point Hope Eskimos. 



3. Mackenzie river Eskimos.^ 



Before taking the measurements one by one and examining the variations 

 of their means among the Eskimos of different regions it will be advisable to 

 examine the means themselves among the Copper Eskimos and see to what 

 extent they differ for different age-classes. It should be remembered that the 

 Copper Eskimos had no idea of their ages, so that the age-classes given below 

 are only approximately accurate; but no man there was judged to be imder 

 20 years of age, and no woman under 18. The figures in brackets give the 

 number of individuals in each class. 



AGE-CLASSES 



25 



26-30 



31-35 



36 



Total 



Head Length — 



Men 



Women 



Head Breadth — 



Men 



Women 



Total Face Length- 

 Men 



Women 



Upper Face Length- 

 Men 



Women 



Face Breadth — 



Men 



Women 



Jaw Breadth — 



Men 



Women 



Stature-^ 



Men 



Women 



194-5 (22) 

 186-2 (9) 



151-0 (22) 

 143-5 (9) 



126-5 (22) 

 117-2 (9) 



74-5 (22) 

 69-2 (9) 



142-0 (22) 

 136-2 (9) 



114 

 108- 



(22) 

 (9) 



1650 (22) 

 1545 (9) 



194-7 (13) 

 192-7 (9) 



150-1 (13) 

 146-4 (9) 



125-6 (13) 

 122 (9) 



73-9 (13) 

 72-7 (9) 



145-0 (13) 

 138-3 (9) 



116-9 (13) 

 111-6 (9) 



1637 (13) 

 1598 (9) 



195-25 (12) 

 186-75 (4) 



152-4 (12) 

 144-75 (4) 



127-6 (12) 

 120-25 (4) 



75-25 (12) 

 70-0 (4) 



147-75 (12) 

 136-75 (4) 



118-5 (12) 

 109-5 (4) 



16.'=4 (12) 

 1541 (4) 



197.4 (35) 

 191-25 (20) 



l.'^2-7 (35) 

 146-65 (20) 



127-6 (35) 

 123-9 (20) 



75-3 (35) 

 72-25 (20) 



147-7 (35) 

 138-6 (20) 



115-5 (35) 

 110-85 (20) 



1648 (35) 

 1562 (20) 



195-7 (82) 

 190-0 (42) 



151-8 (82) 

 145-8 (42) 



126-9 (82' 

 121-7.(42) 



74-9 (82) 

 71-5 (42) 



145-7 (82) 

 137-8 (42) 



115-8 (82) 

 110-3 (42) 



1648 (82) 

 1564 (42) 



It is perhaps unsafe to commit oneself to any conclusions when the number 

 of individuals in each class is so small, but two points seem worth noticing. First, 

 that in no age-class does the mean depart very widely from the total mean, so 



iThe old coastal inhabitants of northern Alaska and the Mackenzie delta largely disappeared during 

 the last years of the 1 9th century through the ravages of European diseases. Their places have been taken 

 by natives from inland those d-wellmg on the Noatak and ColviUe rivers going to Point Hope, Barrow and 

 Point Barrow, while the more eastern inlanders drifted out to the Mackenzie delta. At the present time 

 the old and the new coast populations are inseparably mixed, and I am inclined to believe that even Stone's 

 data from the Mackenzie delta may reflect this immigrant inland element. 



