60b 



Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 



FACE BREADTH— CORONATION GVliY—C onduied 



Millimetres 



152 



153 



154 



155 



156 



157 



Number of cases 



Mean 



Standard deviation 



Probable error of mean 



Probable error of standard deviation 

 Coefficient of variation 



Men 



Women 



82 

 145-7 

 + 5-4 

 ±0-40 

 + 0-28 



3-7 



42 

 137-8 

 +2-9 

 ±0-30 

 ±0-21 



2-1 



The table suggests that the breadth of the face is more variable in men 

 than in women. This sexual difference is not noticeable in any of the other 

 measurements, nor would it naturally be expected in this one. It is worth re- 

 marking that the breadth of the face in both sexes is less variable than its length. 

 Thus for men the coefficient of variation in face breadth is 3 • 7, whereas the same 

 coefficient in the upper face length is 5-0. In women the difference is greater 

 still, 2-1 as opposed to 5-3. There must be some reason for the length of the 

 face being the more variable quantity, but I am unable to suggest one myself. 



The Copper Eskimos have slightly broader faces than the Eskimos of 

 Labrador, but not so broad as the Smith sound, Mackenzie delta, or Noatak 

 river Eskimos. This is shown in the following table: — 



Cranial measurements show that there is considerable variation among 

 Eskimos in the average breadth of the face. Taking males alone, we have for 

 NE. Greenland 141 -1^ for W. Greenland 135-16, for Labrador 139^ for South- 

 ampton island 145' and for Point Barrow 141 ■ 2? The difference between skull 

 measurements and measurements of the living is not precisely known. Duck- 

 worth's Labrador figures make it 3 ■ 2 for men and 7 ■ 6 for women, but the sexual 

 difference should be little or nothing. We cannot be far wrong in assuming 

 it to be around 4 mm., which would make the breadth of the face in NE. Green- 

 land and at Point Barrow approximately the same as in Coronation gulf. At all 

 events there is no indication that the Copper Eskimos have exceptionally narrow 



faces, so that the somewhat low value of the 



head breadth • 



index which we shall 



face breadth 



find among them later must be ascribed solely to their broadness of head, a 

 feature that has been noticed already. On the other hand, the Noatak river 

 natives seem to have exceptionally broad faces, surpassing those of all other 

 Eskimos. 



^Duckworth and Pain, J.R.A.I., Vol. XXX, p. 136. 



^Boas, Bull., A.M.N.H., Vol. XIV, p. 57. The three Mackenzie delta men measured by myself gave 

 an average of 145 mm., and the three Point Hope men of 146-3 mm. 

 'Steensby, op. cit., p. 389. 

 'Computed from Hansen, op. cit., p. 175. 



■^Computed from Brierley, J.R.A.I., Vol. XXXVI, 1906, p. 120. 

 "Duckworth and Pain, op. cit., p. 136. 

 'Hrdlicka, op. cit., p. i90. 

 'Hawkes, op. cit., p. 226. 



