Eskimo Osteology 15c 



CRANIAL INDICES 



Cephalic index 75-3 



Index of height 70-3 



Breadth and height index 93-4 



Alveolar index 100-0 



Orbital index 91-4 



Nasal index 38-2 



Maxillo-facial index 58-6 



Stephano-zygomatic index 79-7 



Fronto-parietal index '. 70-8 



Palato-maxillary index 119-6 



Nasion-prosthion height index 28-8 



Pathological report by Professor A. G. Nicholls on the syphilitic lesion of 

 this cranium: ' 



The area of necrosis is roughly oval in shape, with an irregular prolongation 

 extending for 21 mm. forwards from the anterior border. The centre of the per- 

 foration lies 32 mm. to the right of the sagittal suture. Ten mm. to the left of 

 the anterior projection above noted is a smaller eroded surface disconnected 

 with the main one, rhomboidal in shape, measuring 14 x 12 mm. 



These erosions give the outer table of the skull a moth-eaten appearance, 

 the grooving deepening towards the centre of the larger area, until over a space 

 18 X 15 mm. in extent, the outer table has completely disappeared. At this 

 point is a perforation roughly of a comma shape, 12-5 mm. long and 3 mm. 

 wide. There has clearly been in this case a necrotizing inflammation beginning 

 on the outer surface of the skull and extending inwards. This latter fact speaks 

 strongly for the process being a syphilitic rather than a tuberculous one. Viewed 

 from the inside the skull shows no evidence of involvement of the inner table 

 except for the perforation above noted. There are no other indications of 

 syphilis about the skull. 



XIV F-l 



This collection represents the remains of one skeleton, though one twelfth 

 dorsal and five lumbar vertebrae have been introduced from some external source. 



The skull is that of a male well beyond middle hfe, though the squamous 

 sutures are still very distinct. The glenoid fossse had become obliterated by 

 osteo-arthritic changes, and a new pair of articular areas with very rough irregular 

 surfaces had been formed on the articular eminences. Indeed, the whole skeleton 

 showed the most extreme effects of osteo-arthritis. 



The second, fourth, fifth and seventh cervical vertebrae are present, as also 

 all the dorsal and lumbar vertebrse. Those of the lower dorsal and the lumbar 

 regions exhibit prominent ragged projections along the margins of the bodies. 

 There is also pronounced bevelling of the bodies of the vertebrse so that the 

 individual must have been very bent and decrepit. For example, the anterior 

 vertical height of the body of the eleventh dorsal vertebrse is reduced to 10-5 

 mm. 



There are twenty-one ribs. The manubrium and the gladiolus of the 

 sternum are present and are, strangely enough, still separate. 



The right clavicle is present. Both scapulae are present. The glenoid 

 fossae exhibit marked erosion and prominent lipping. 



The heads of both the right and the left humerus are much worn, and the 

 necks are markedly overhung by masses of osseous material. 



The right radius and ulna are present. 



All the right carpal bones are present, except the os magnum and the pisi- 

 form. The five right metacarpals are present, and exhibit marked osteo- 

 arthritic hypertrophy at their head ends. There are nine phalanges. 



The two innominate bones exhibit osteo-arthritic changes along their crests. 



