66c Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 



According to Professor Todd(^) in the maxilla, "the distance between the 

 outer borders of the second molar teeth in the English race averages 58 mm.; 

 •the length measured from a point between the upper central incisors to midway 

 between the posterior borders of the third molars is 54 mm.; the area of the hard 

 palate is about 2,600 sq. mm. The lower dental arcade has a length of 53 mm., 

 a breadth between the outer borders of the third molars of 68 mm., and an area of 

 2,700 sq. mm." In the Eskimo the average breadth across the molars in twenty- 

 two maxillffi measured, was 62-8 mm., the greatest measurement being 68-8 

 mm. The length of palate to the borders of the third molars, in nine specimens, 

 averaged 44-3 mm.; the greatest being 53 mm., and the least 32 mm. In nine 

 mandibles measured, the breadth at the third molars averaged 65 mm. and the 

 length 51 mm. The areas mentioned by Todd may easily be calculated from 

 the figures given and the area formula of the ellipse. 



My thanks are due to Dr. J. Stanley Bagnallfor his assistance in making 

 measurements and compiling tables I and II, and in the taking of casts of the 

 glenoid fossae. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



1. Black, G. V. Dental Anatomy. S. S. White Co., Philadelphia, 1902. 



2. Osborne, H. F. Evolution of Mammalian Molar Teeth. Maomillan Co., New York, 1907. 



3. Wilson, G. H. The Anatomy and Physics of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint. Journal of 



the National Dental Association, Huntington, Indiana, Vol. VII, No. 5, May, 1920; 

 Vol. VIII, No. 3, March, 1921. 



4. Todd, T. Wingate. The Teeth of Primitive Man. Cleveland Medical Journal, Vol. XIV, 



April, 1915. 



5. Knowles, F. H. S. The Glenoid Fossa in the Skull of the Eskimo. Geological Survey of 



Canada, Museum Bulletin No. 9, Anthropological Series No. 4, Ottawa, 1915. 



6. Nansen, F. Eskimo Life. London, 1893. 



7. Whitney, H. Hunting with the Eskimo. New York, 1910. 



8. Hbdlicka, a. Contribution to the Anthropology of the Central and Smith Sound Eskimo. 



Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. V, Part II. 

 Washington, 1910. (Quoted by Knowles, vide supra, p. 10 



