lv PREFACE 
istry and physics by that method. Our projects are designed to stimu- 
late the all-important, direct study of Nature by personal observation 
and investigation. They give the definite problems and tasks that a 
pupil must have in order to work most effectively. 
The suggestions for Oral and Written Composition deserve special at- 
tention. These exercises correlate the subject with language training 
in the most direct manner possible and will insure a more thorough study 
of the topic of the composition as well as afford a practical occasion 
to the learner for the clear and effective expression of his thoughts. 
I am under obligation to several specialists in the North Dakota Agri- 
cultural College who read the manuscript and made many valuable sug- 
gestions. Professor H. L. Bolley read the chapter on Plant Diseases ; 
Professor E. J. Thompson the chapters on Domestic Animals; Professor 
L. R. Waldron the chapter on Wild Flowers; Mr. O. A. Bartort, Assistant 
State Club Leader, read the chapter on Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs; and 
Dean C. B. Waldron read most of the remainder of the book. To Dean 
Waldron I am also indebted for the Introduction, which he has kindly 
written. 
Although the larger portion of the illustrations are from photographs 
and drawings made expressly for this work by myself or under my im- 
mediate direction, it was manifestly impossible for me to cover the entire 
range of the book without assistance. I am especially indebted to the 
following: to the United States Department of Agriculture for photo- 
graphs of about fifty birds, about half of the farm animals, and seven or 
eight of the wild animals; also for permission to reproduce from various 
Farmers’ Bulletins many of the line drawings of insects; to the North 
Dakota Agricultural College for eight or ten photographs, and permis- 
sion to reproduce several figures from its publications; to the Minnesota 
Agricultural College for permission to reproduce from its publications 
several of the insect figures,-and to Dr. William S. Riley of the same 
institution for lending me the engraving of the Minnesota Fly Trap; 
to the Comstock Publishing Company for about a dozen illustrations; 
and to Little, Brown, and Company for permission to reproduce eight 
figures from Baird, Brewster, and Ridgeway’s Birds of North America. 
Cc. CS. 
University oF NortH Daxora, 
May, 1920. 
