FRUIT GROWING 35 
China and Japan, and the Siberian crab, Duchess of Olden- 
burg and Hibernal apples, and many other hardy varieties 
came from Northern Russia. 
Propagation. — Ordinarily cultivated fruit trees are not 
raised from seeds, for these do not “come true.” If you 
plant the seeds of your favorite apple, the chances are that 
when the seedling trees come into bearing no two of them 
will produce the same kind of fruit and that all of it will be 
very inferior. We therefore resort to another method of 
> Ese 
GRAFTING A BRANCH ON THE Root oF ANOTHER TREE 
a. Branch cut ready to be put on the root. 6. Root cut ready for the branch. 
c. Root and branch put together. d. Waxed cord wound around graft, and the 
work is finished. ° 
starting new fruit trees. Instead of a seed we use a bud, 
which contains all the possibilities of a full-sized plant and 
repeats the characteristics of the parent with perfect fidelity. 
Buds are employed for propagating by grafting and layer- 
ing, and by the use of cuttings and suckers. 
Grafting and Budding. — (1) From the tree we wish to 
multiply we take a section of a young twig with at least one 
bud. Then we take a hardy seedling of suitable size, cut 
off the stem just above the roots, and carefully fasten our 
twig in its place in such a way that it will grow upon the 
