TREES AND SHRUBS 127 
position, arrangement, and growth of buds, with the mode of branching. 
Notice that buds are terminal — at the end of the twig, or lateral — 
along the stem. Again, in some species the growth is mostly from the 
terminal bud, in others, several lateral buds always develop and the 
terminal bud grows proportionately less. These factors, — terminal 
and lateral, opposite and alternate buds, — and the relative growth of 
each, and the direction of growth, whether upward or largely horizontally, 
— determine the mode of branching and general form of the tree or shrub 
and give to each species its distinctive character. 
12. Oral and Written Composition. — This chapter furnishes many 
interesting themes for exercises in composition. For example: 
a. How to plant a tree. — Detailed directions based on your own 
experience or observation. Project No. 1. 
' b. The elm (or some other tree with which you are quite familiar). — 
Detailed description of its characteristics, merits, etc. Project No. 2. 
c. Rose growing in our district (or town). — Varieties grown, care 
necessary, etc. ' 
d. Our hedges. — Description of a few that are found in your neigh- 
borhood, kind of shrub used, care required, their age, etc. 
e. Our trees in winter. — Describe and compare the leading kinds in 
your neighborhood, mentioning points by which you know one from 
the other. Illustrate with sketches showing differences in branching, 
etc. Project No. 4. 
