THE LIFE HISTORY OF INSECTS 197 
of an insect in one stage of its life may have no resemblance 
to its appearance and habits in another stage, and we may 
think that we have two distinct species. If we look at a cater- 
pillar, for example, we can hardly believe that it will soon be 
a beautiful butterfly. 
Egg, Larva, Pupa, and Adult. — Practically all insects 
lay eggs, and with those the next generation begins. The 
development of the young after hatching varies somewhat, 
but the complete series of changes as seen in flies, beetles, 
moths, and butterflies is as follows: (a) The eggs are laid 
by the adult on the plants, in 
the ground, or in the water where 
the young are to live and where 
they will find food. (b) The 
larva is the young hatched from 
the egg, and is called a cater- 
pillar in the case of moths and 
butterflies, a maggot in the case Earry Staces or Rocky Moun- 
of flies, and a grub in the case Tarn Locust 
of beetles, bees, and wasps. , Showing gemlopment foie 
Larve (the plural of larva) are full-grown wings is not shown. 
worm-like in form, and they are 
often incorrectly called ‘‘ worms.” (c) The pupa. In due 
time the larva becomes entirely dormant or inactive, and 
while in this state it is usually inclosed in a case which affords 
protection against injury. During this period the animal 
undergoes great internal changes and when the adult comes 
forth it looks like an entirely different animal. 
Simpler Changes. — In some insects, as the grasshopper, 
the young resemble the parent, but they are wingless, or they 
may differ in some other particular. These do not pass 
through the pupa state, but as they grow in size the wings 
