CHAPTER XXIV 
THE BIRD: ITS PARTS, VOICE, AND COLOR 
Parts OF A BIRD 
In the description of birds it is necessary to have terms that 
will designate precisely the part of the animal to which we 
wish to refer. Such terms are especially needed in describing 
the plumage when. it has different colors on the different parts 
of the body. The student 
should, therefore, study the 
accompanying bird chart 
and note the various regions 
and their names as here 
shown. There are many 
other terms which specialists 
employ, but for our purpose 
a few are sufficient. When- 
ever it is unnecessary to 
make sharp distinctions, the 
4 expressions upper parts and 
Se lease a a lower parts are employed in 
a, Yellow warble; 6, house wren; a general sense that needs 
c, English sparrow; d, night hawk; : 
e, hawk; f, sandpiper. no explanation. 
Tue BILyi 
Of the four organs, — bill, feet, wings, and tail, — the first 
is the most important. It is of greatest significance in the 
life and habits of the bird. Its size and form are fundamental 
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