APPENDIX 447 
(b) Half-hardy Permanent Residents. — These nest in a region in 
summer and at least a few of them are found there throughout the 
winter. But they dislike our severest weather and during the middle 
of the winter they become scarce, for then most of them go a little farther 
south. As soon as milder weather sets in, that is, in the North, between 
the middle of March and the first of April, they become more numerous 
again. To this class be:ong the 
Long-eared Owl Prairie Horned Lark 
Short-eared Owl Blue Jay 
Saw-whet Owl White-breasted Nuthatch 
Hairy Woodpecker Chickadee 
2. Winter Visitants 
(a) Our true winter visitants appear to enjoy our winter climate and 
n.ay be seen during the coldest weather. They rear their young in the 
tar north, come to us for the win er and return north in the spring. Here 
belong the 
Goshawk Snow Bunting 
Snowy Owl Redpoll 
Great Gray Owl Hoary Redpoll 
Richardson Owl Greater Redpoll 
Arctic Horned Owl Winter Wren 
Arctic Three toed Wooup -ker 
(6) Half-hardy Winter Visiiants. — A few of these birds may usually 
be found within the borders of our northernmost states in any month of 
the winter, but, like the half-hardy permanent residents, they shun our 
severest weather, and most of them disappear during that time to re- 
turn the middle of March. Then, after staying a few weeks, they move 
on to higher latitudes to build their nests. To this class belong the 
Junco : Evening Grosbeak 
Tree Sparrow Pine Grosbeak 
Lapland Longspur Bohemian Waxwing 
Smith Longspur 
A Birp CALENDAR 
The “summer residents” of a region are the birds that rear their 
young there and then go south for the winter and return in the spring. 
