448 APPENDIX 
Birds known as “migrants” in a region nest farther north and winter 
farther south, so that they are found there only in spring and fall, when 
they linger for a transient visit as they pass through on their migrations. 
It is an interesting study for the bird-lover to note the earliest date when 
these summer residents and migrants arrive in the spring. The calendar 
below is the result of such observations at Grand Forks, North Dakota, 
extending over a series of years. It is incomplete and is given merely 
as an illustration. The date of the first observation of the bird is in 
many cases ten or fifteen days earlier than the arrival of the species in 
full force. 
The half-hardy permanent residents and half-hardy winter visitants 
begin to appear in larger numbers about the middle of March, as ex- 
plained on the previous pages. These are 
Lone-eared Owl Junco 
Short-eared Owl Tree Sparrow 
Saw-whet Owl Lapland Longspur 
Hairy Woodpecker Smith Longspur 
Prairie Horned Lark Evening Grosbeak 
Blue Jay Pine Grosbeak 
White-breasted Nuthatch Bohemian Waxwing 
Chickadee 
Summer residents and migrants arrive 
March 12 Crow March 26 Brewer Blackbird 
tg Meadowlark 28 Bronzed Grackle 
17 Canada Goose 29 Fox Sparrow 
1g Robin 31 Mallard Duck 
19 Brown Creeper 31 Red-tailed Hawk 
1g Pintail Duck April 1 Sparrow Hawk 
1g Song Sparrow t Sharp-shinned Hawk 
20 Killdeer 1 Northern Shrike 
24. White-throated Sparrow 2 Broad-winged Hawk 
24 White-crowned Sparrow 4 Belted Kingfisher 
24 Red-winged Blackbird 4 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 
24 Marsh Hawk 4 Green-winged Teal 
24 Blue Goose 4 Blue-winged Teal 
24 Snow Goose 5 Phebe 
24 Caspian Tern 7 Golden-crowned Kinglet 
24 Bluebird 7 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 
24 Flicker 8 Swainson Hawk 
25 Rough-legged Hawk to Yellow-headed Blackbird 
