CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



pupae and subsequeutly restored — Experiments with drowned 

 ants — Recognition after a year and nine months — Supposed 

 recognition by scent — Recognition by means of the antennae 232 



CHAPTER XII. 



On the instincts of solitary wasps and bees — Instinct of render- 

 ing victims insensible — Origin of instincts — Habits not 

 invariable — Change of instincts — Bembex — Odynerus — Am- 

 mophila — Modifiability of instincts — Differences under 

 different circumstances — Origin of the habits of Sphex — 

 Race differences — Limitation of instinct — Toleration of para- 

 sites — Cases of apparent stupidity— M. Pabre's experiments 

 — Limitation of instinct — Instinct and habits— Inflexibility 

 of instinct— Different habits of males and females — Arrange- 

 ment of male and female cells — Power of mother to regulate 

 the sex of the young ... ... .,. ... ... 242 



CHAPTER XIIL 



On the supposed sense of direction — Experiments with bees — 

 Whirling bees — Behaviour of bees if taken from home — 

 Mode of finding their way — Experiments with ants— Mr. 

 Romanes' experiments — No evidence of separate sense 

 of direction ... ... ... ... ... ... 262 



CHAPTER XIV. 



On the intelligence of the dog — Education of the deaf and dumb 

 ^Laura Bridgman — Application of the method followed 

 with the deaf and dumb to animals— My dog Van and his 

 cards — Use of cards with words on them, " food," " wafer," 

 " tea," etc. — Recognition of the separate cards — Association 

 of the card with the object — Realization that bringing a 

 card was a request — Attempts to convey ideas — Arithmetical 

 powers of animals — Previous observations — Supposed powers 

 of counting — Mr. Huggins's experiments — Conclusion ... 272 



